API Reference

Benchmark{T}

Struct for benchmarking time-dependent dd data structures

benchmark(dd_ben::IMAS.DD{T}, times::AbstractVector{Float64}) where {T<:Real}

Evaluate self-consistency of a given IDS (flux-matching errors, etc.)

benchmark(dd_ben::IMAS.DD{T}, dd_ref::IMAS.DD{T}, times::AbstractVector{Float64}; self_benchmark::Bool=true) where {T<:Real}

Benchmark two dd structures at specified times

benchmark(x::AbstractVector{T}, y::AbstractVector{T}, x_ref::AbstractVector{T}, y_ref::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

evaluate error between two 1D arrays

controller(ct::IMAS.controllers, name::String)

Pick a controller based on its name, returns nothing if not found

NOTE: for now only looks under dd.controllers.linear_controller

(controller::controllers__linear_controller{T})(control_name::Any, control_algorithm::Val{:PID}, setpoint::T, value::T, time0::Float64) where {T<:Real}

Operates PID controllers

extract(dd::IMAS.DD, library::Symbol=:extract)

library can be one of:

• :extract => ExtractFunctionsLibrary
• :moopt => ConstraintFunctionsLibrary + ObjectiveFunctionsLibrary
• :all => ExtractFunctionsLibrary + ConstraintFunctionsLibrary + ObjectiveFunctionsLibrary

extract(dd::IMAS.DD, xtract::AbstractDict{Symbol,<:ExtractFunction})

Extract data from dd. Each of the ExtractFunction should accept dd as input, like this:

xtract = IMAS.ExtractFunction[
    :κ => ExtractFunction(:equilibrium, :κ, "-", dd -> dd.equilibrium.time_slice[].boundary.elongation)
    :Te0 => ExtractFunction(:profiles, :Te0, "keV", dd -> dd.core_profiles.profiles_1d[].electrons.temperature[1] / 1E3)
]

extract(dd::IMAS.DD, filename::AbstractString, args...; kw...)

Like extract(dd) but saves the data to HDF5 file

name::Symbol
units::String
func::Function
operation::Function
limit::Float64
tolerance::Float64

ConstraintFunctionsLibrary::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol,ConstraintFunction}

Collection of ConstraintFunction

• power_electric_net → == 0.0 ± 0.2 [%]
• min_power_electric_net → > 0.0 [%]
• flattop_duration → == 0.0 ± 0.01 [%]
• min_flattop_duration → > 0.0 [%]
• min_required_B0 → > 0.0 [%]
• zero_ohmic → == 0.0 ± 0.1 [MA]
• max_ne_peaking → < 0.0 [%]
• min_lh_power_threshold_fraction → > 1.0 [%]
• max_ωpe_ωce → < 1.0 [%]
• max_qpol_omp → < 0.0 [%]
• max_tf_coil_j → < 1.0 [%]
• max_oh_coil_j → < 1.0 [%]
• max_pl_stress → < 1.0 [%]
• max_tf_coil_stress → < 1.0 [%]
• max_oh_coil_stress → < 1.0 [%]
• max_hds03 → < 0.0 [%]
• min_q95 → > 0.0 [%]
• min_qmin → > 0.0 [%]
• max_beta_normal → < 0.0 []
• max_Psol_R → < 0.0 [%]
• max_transport_error → < 0.1 []

name::Symbol
units::String
func::Function
target::Float64

ObjectiveFunctionsLibrary::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol,ObjectiveFunction}

Collection of ObjectiveFunction

• min_levelized_CoE → -Inf [$/kWh]
• min_log10_levelized_CoE → -Inf [log₁₀($/kW)]
• min_capital_cost → -Inf [$B]
• max_fusion → Inf [MW]
• max_power_electric_net → Inf [MW]
• req_power_electric_net → 0.0 [ΔMW]
• max_flattop → Inf [hours]
• max_q95 → Inf []
• req_flattop → 0.0 [Δhours]
• max_log10_flattop → Inf [log₁₀(hours)]
• min_βn → -Inf []
• min_R0 → -Inf [m]
• max_zeff → Inf []

group::Symbol
name::Symbol
units::String
func::Function
error::Union{Nothing,Exception}
value::Any

ExtractFunctionsLibrary::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol,ExtractFunction}

Collection of ExtractFunction

• geometry.R0 → [m]
• geometry.a → [m]
• geometry.1/ϵ → [-]
• geometry.κ → [-]
• geometry.δ → [-]
• geometry.ζ → [-]
• geometry.Volume → [m³]
• geometry.Surface → [m²]
• equilibrium.B0 → [T]
• equilibrium.ip → [MA]
• equilibrium.q95 → [-]
• equilibrium.<Bpol> → [T]
• equilibrium.βpol_MHD → [-]
• equilibrium.βtor_MHD → [-]
• equilibrium.βn_MHD → [-]
• temperatures.Te0 → [keV]
• temperatures.Ti0 → [keV]
• temperatures.<Te> → [keV]
• temperatures.<Ti> → [keV]
• temperatures.Te0/<Te> → [-]
• temperatures.Ti0/<Ti> → [-]
• densities.ne0 → [m⁻³]
• densities.ne_ped → [m⁻³]
• densities.ne_line → [m⁻³]
• densities.<ne> → [m⁻³]
• densities.ne0/<ne> → [-]
• densities.fGW → [-]
• densities.zeff_ped → [-]
• densities.<zeff> → [-]
• densities.impurities → [-]
• pressures.P0 → [MPa]
• pressures.<P> → [MPa]
• pressures.P0/<P> → [-]
• pressures.βn → [-]
• pressures.βn_th → [-]
• transport.τe → [s]
• transport.τe_exp → [s]
• transport.H98y2 → [-]
• transport.H98y2_exp → [-]
• transport.Hds03 → [-]
• transport.Hds03_exp → [-]
• transport.τα_thermalization → [s]
• transport.τα_slowing_down → [s]
• sources.Pec → [MW]
• sources.rho0_ec → [MW]
• sources.Pnbi → [MW]
• sources.Enbi1 → [MeV]
• sources.Pic → [MW]
• sources.Plh → [MW]
• sources.Paux_tot → [MW]
• sources.Pα → [MW]
• sources.Pohm → [MW]
• sources.Pheat → [MW]
• sources.Prad_tot → [MW]
• exhaust.Psol → [MW]
• exhaust.PLH → [MW]
• exhaust.PLH_FUSE → [MW]
• exhaust.Bpol_omp → [T]
• exhaust.λq → [mm]
• exhaust.qpol → [MW/m²]
• exhaust.qpar → [MW/m²]
• exhaust.P/R0 → [MW/m]
• exhaust.PB/R0 → [MW T/m]
• exhaust.PBp/R0 → [MW T/m]
• exhaust.PBϵ/R0q95 → [MW T/m]
• exhaust.neutrons_peak → [MW/m²]
• currents.ip_bs_aux_ohm → [MA]
• currents.ip_ni → [MA]
• currents.ip_bs → [MA]
• currents.ip_aux → [MA]
• currents.ip_ohm → [MA]
• currents.ejima → [-]
• currents.flattop → [Hours]
• bop.Pfusion → [MW]
• bop.Qfusion → [-]
• bop.thermal_cycle_type → [-]
• bop.thermal_efficiency_plant → [%]
• bop.thermal_efficiency_cycle → [%]
• bop.power_electric_generated → [MW]
• bop.Pelectric_net → [MW]
• bop.Qplant → [-]
• bop.TBR → [-]
• build.PF_material → [-]
• build.TF_material → [-]
• build.OH_material → [-]
• build.TF_max_b → [T]
• build.OH_max_b → [T]
• build.TF_j_margin → [-]
• build.OH_j_margin → [-]
• build.TF_stress_margin → [-]
• build.OH_stress_margin → [-]
• costing.capital_cost → [$B]
• costing.levelized_CoE → [$/kWh]
• costing.TF_of_total → [%]
• costing.BOP_of_total → [%]
• costing.blanket_of_total → [%]
• costing.cryostat_of_total → [%]

centroid(x::AbstractVector{<:T}, y::AbstractVector{<:T}) where {T<:Real}

Calculate centroid of polygon

perimeter(r::AbstractVector{T}, z::AbstractVector{T})::T where {T<:Real}

Calculate the perimeter of a polygon

area(x::AbstractVector{<:T}, y::AbstractVector{<:T}) where {T<:Real}

Calculate area of polygon

area(layer::IMAS.build__layer)

Calculate cross-sectional area of a build layer

area(coil::IMAS.pf_active__coil)

Returns cross sectional area of PF coils

revolution_volume(x::AbstractVector{<:T}, y::AbstractVector{<:T}) where {T<:Real}

Calculate volume of polygon revolved around x=0

intersection_angles(
    path1_r::AbstractVector{T},
    path1_z::AbstractVector{T},
    path2_r::AbstractVector{T},
    path2_z::AbstractVector{T},
    intersection_indexes::Vector{StaticArrays.SVector{2,Int}};
    mod_pi::Bool=true
) where {T<:Real}

returns angles of intersections between two paths and intersection_indexes given by intersection() function

intersection(
    l1_x::AbstractVector{T},
    l1_y::AbstractVector{T},
    l2_x::AbstractVector{T},
    l2_y::AbstractVector{T}
) where {T<:Real}

Intersections between two 2D paths, returns list of (x,y) intersection indexes and crossing points

intersection(
    l1_x::AbstractVector{T},
    l1_y::AbstractVector{T},
    l2_x::AbstractVector{T},
    l2_y::AbstractVector{T},
    tolerance::Float64) where {T<:Real}

Intersections between two 2D paths, returns list of (x,y) intersection indexes and crossing points

Endpoints crossings are checked with some tolerance

intersection_split(
    l1_x::AbstractVector{T},
    l1_y::AbstractVector{T},
    l2_x::AbstractVector{T},
    l2_y::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns vector of segments of l1x,l1y split at the intersections with l2x,l2y

point_to_line_distance(x0::Real, y0::Real, x1::Real, y1::Real, x2::Real, y2::Real)

Distance of point (x0,y0) from line defined by points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)

closest_point_to_segment(x0::Real, y0::Real, x1::Real, y1::Real, x2::Real, y2::Real)

Closest point on segment defined by points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) to point (x0,y0)

point_to_segment_distance(x0::Real, y0::Real, x1::Real, y1::Real, x2::Real, y2::Real)

Distance of point (x0,y0) from segment defined by points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)

point_to_path_distance(x0::Real, y0::Real, x::AbstractVector{<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{<:Real})

Distance of point (x0,y0) from path defined by vectors x and y

rdp_simplify_2d_path(x::AbstractArray{T}, y::AbstractArray{T}, epsilon::T) where {T<:Real}

Simplifies a 2D line represented by arrays of x and y coordinates using the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker algorithm. The epsilon parameter controls the maximum distance allowed between a point on the original line and its simplified representation.

rwa_simplify_2d_path(x::AbstractArray{T}, y::AbstractArray{T}, epsilon::T) where {T<:Real}

Simplifies a 2D line represented by arrays of x and y coordinates using the Reumann-Witkam Algorithm algorithm. This algorithm uses a threshold value to determine which points to keep in the path. Points are kept if the angle between the previous and next line segments is greater than the threshold, and removed if it is less than or equal to the threshold.

calculate_angle(p1::T, p2::T, p3::T) where {T}

Calculate the angle between three points

simplify_2d_path(x::AbstractArray{T}, y::AbstractArray{T}, simplification_factor::T; model::Symbol=:distance)

Simplify 2D path by :curvature (Reumann-Witkam Algorithm) or :distance (Ramer-Douglas-Peucker) algorithms

resample_2d_path(
    x::AbstractVector{T},
    y::AbstractVector{T};
    step::Float64=0.0,
    n_points::Integer=0,
    curvature_weight::Float64=0.0,
    retain_extrema::Bool=false,
    retain_original_xy::Bool=false,
    method::Symbol=:cubic) where {T<:Real}

Resample 2D line with uniform stepping (or number of points) with option to add more points where curvature is highest and option to retain extrema in x and y (in these cases stepping is not constant anymore!)

resample_plasma_boundary(
    x::AbstractVector{T},
    y::AbstractVector{T};
    step::Float64=0.0,
    n_points::Integer=0,
    curvature_weight::Float64=0.0,
    retain_extrema::Bool=true,
    retain_original_xy::Bool=false,
    method::Symbol=:linear) where {T<:Real}

Like resample2dpath but with retain_extrema=true and method=:linear as defaults

is_z_offset(pr::Vector{T}, pz::Vector{T}; order::Int=4, precision::Float64=1E-3) where {T<:Real}

Returns true the shape is offset from z=0 (ie. does not have mxh.z0=0)

is_z_offset(mxh::MXH; precision::Float64=1E-3)

is_updown_symmetric(pr::Vector{T}, pz::Vector{T}; order::Int=4, precision::Float64=1E-3) where {T<:Real}

Returns true if boundary is updown symmetric (independent of mxh.z0)

is_updown_symmetric(mxh::MXH; precision::Float64=1E-3)

minimum_distance_polygons_vertices(
    R_obj1::AbstractVector{<:T},
    Z_obj1::AbstractVector{<:T},
    R_obj2::AbstractVector{<:T},
    Z_obj2::AbstractVector{<:T};
    return_index::Bool=false) where {T<:Real}

Returns minimum distance between two polygons vertices and index of points on the two polygons

minimum_distance_polygons(
    R_obj1::AbstractVector{<:T},
    Z_obj1::AbstractVector{<:T},
    R_obj2::AbstractVector{<:T},
    Z_obj2::AbstractVector{<:T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns minimum distance between two polygons

NOTE: this is the actual distance, not the distance between the vertices

min_mean_distance_polygons(
    R_obj1::AbstractVector{<:T},
    Z_obj1::AbstractVector{<:T},
    R_obj2::AbstractVector{<:T},
    Z_obj2::AbstractVector{<:T}) where {T<:Real}

Calculate the minimum and mean distances between two polygons in 2D space.

NOTE: this is the actual distance, not the distance between the vertices

curvature(pr::AbstractVector{T}, pz::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Calculate the curvature of a 2D path defined by pr and pz using a finite difference approximation.

The path is assumed to be closed if the first and last points are the same, and open otherwise.

Arguments

• pr: Real abstract vector representing the r-coordinates of the path.
• pz: Real abstract vector representing the z-coordinates of the path.

Returns

• A vector of the same length as pr and pz with the calculated curvature values.

angle_between_two_vectors(
    v1_p1::Tuple{T,T},
    v1_p2::Tuple{T,T},
    v2_p1::Tuple{T,T},
    v2_p2::Tuple{T,T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns angle in radiants between two vectors defined by their start and end points

bisector(v1, v2, v3)

Returns signed unitary bisector given three vertices

polygon_rays(vertices::AbstractVector, extent_a::Float64, extent_b::Float64)

Returns bisecting "rays" (lines) that radiate from vertices of a polygon

split_long_segments(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T}, max_length::Float64) where {T<:Real}

Split long segments of a polygon so that each resulting segment is always <= max_length

split_long_segments(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T}, n_points::Int) where {T<:Real}

Split long segments of a polygon so that there are at least n_points in it

thick_line_polygon(r1, z1, r2, z2, thickness1, thickness2)

Generates a closed polygon from a thick line. Returns points of the quadrilateral polygon

thick_line_polygon(pr::AbstractVector{Float64}, pz::AbstractVector{Float64}, thickness::AbstractVector{Float64})

convex_hull(xy_points::AbstractVector; closed_polygon::Bool)

Compute the convex hull of a set of 2D points, sorted in counter-clockwise order. The resulting convex hull forms a closed polygon by appending the first point at the end.

convex_hull(x::AbstractVector{T}, y::AbstractVector{T}; closed_polygon::Bool) where {T}

convex_hull_indices(xy_points::AbstractVector)

Compute the indices of points that form the convex hull of a set of 2D points. Returns the indices in counter-clockwise order.

This is the internal function that works with indices only.

norm01(x::T)::T where {T<:AbstractVector{<:Real}}

Normalize a vector so that the first item in the array is 0 and the last one is 1 This is handy where psinorm should be used (and IMAS does not define a psinorm array)

to_range(vector::AbstractVector)

Turn a vector into a range (if possible)

meshgrid(x::AbstractVector{T}, y::AbstractVector{T}) where {T}

Return coordinate matrices from coordinate vectors

calc_z(x::AbstractVector{<:Real}, f::AbstractVector{<:Real}, method::Symbol)

Returns the gradient scale lengths of vector f on x

The finite difference method of the gradient can be one of [:backward, :central, :forward, :secondorder, :thirdorder]

NOTE: the inverse scale length is NEGATIVE for typical density/temperature profiles

integ_z(rho::AbstractVector{<:Real}, z_profile::AbstractVector{<:Real}, bc::Real)

Backward integration of inverse scale length vector with given edge boundary condition

pack_grid_gradients(x::AbstractVector{T}, y::AbstractVector{T}; n_points::Int=length(x), l::Float64=1E-2) where {T<:Float64}

Returns grid between minimum(x) and maximum(x) with n_points points positioned to sample y(x) in such a way to pack more points where gradients are greates.

l controls how much the adaptive gradiant sampling should approach linear sampling.

unique_indices(vec::AbstractVector)::Vector{Int}

Return the indices of the first occurrence of each unique element in the input vector vec

index_circular(N::Int, idx::Int)

If idx is beyond N or less than 1, it wraps around in a circular manner.

getindex_circular(vec::AbstractVector{T}, idx::Int)::T where {T}

Return the element of the vector vec at the position idx.

If idx is beyond the length of vec or less than 1, it wraps around in a circular manner.

chunk_indices(dims::Tuple{Vararg{Int}}, N::Int)

Split the indices of an array with dimensions dims into N chunks of similar size. Each chunk is a generator of CartesianIndex objects.

Arguments

• dims::Tuple{Vararg{Int}}: A tuple specifying the dimensions of the array. For a 2D array, this would be (rows, cols).
• N::Int: The number of chunks to split the indices into.

Returns

• Vector with chunks of cartesian indices. Each chunk can be iterated over to get the individual CartesianIndex objects.

OutlineClosedVector{T,A<:AbstractVector{T}} <: AbstractVector{T}

Outlines in IMAS v3 ontology are always open (NOTE: in v4 they will always be closed!)

Use OutlineClosedVector to have a vector that behaves like a it's a closed outline, without creating a new array (allocation free)

When OutlineClosedVector is put into the dd, it will automatically save it there as an open outline

OutlineOpenVector{T,A<:AbstractVector{T}} <: AbstractVector{T}

Outlines in IMAS v3 ontology are always open (NOTE: in v4 they will always be closed!)

Use OutlineOpenVector to have a vector that behaves like a it's a open outline, without creating a new array (allocation free)

When OutlineOpenVector is put into the dd, it will automatically save it there as an open outline

CircularVector{T,A<:AbstractVector{T}} <: AbstractVector{T}

Vector with circular indexes, without creating a new array (allocation free)

NOTE: It can be combined with OutlineClosedVector and/or OutlineOpenVector, like this: CircularVector(OutlineClosedVector(x, x_is_closed))

is_open_polygon(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T})::Bool where {T<:Real}

Determine if a polygon, defined by separate vectors for R and Z coordinates, is open.

is_open_polygon(vertices::AbstractVector)::Bool

is_closed_polygon(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T})::Bool where {T<:Real}

Determine if a polygon, defined by separate vectors for R and Z coordinates, is closed.

is_closed_polygon(vertices::AbstractVector)::Bool

open_polygon(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T}, args...) where {T<:Real}

Returns a view of the vectors R and Z such that they are a open polygon

Returns a named tuple containing the status of the polygon (wasclosed, wasopen) and the views of the R and Z vectors.

closed_polygon(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T}, args...) where {T<:Real}

Returns a view of the vectors R and Z such that they are a closed polygon

Returns a named tuple containing the status of the polygon (wasclosed, wasopen) and the views of the R and Z vectors.

closed_polygon(R::AbstractVector{T}, Z::AbstractVector{T}, closed::Bool, args...) where {T<:Real}

Returns a closed polygon depending on closed otherwise returns an open polygon

is_clockwise(r::AbstractVector{T}, z::AbstractVector{T})::Bool where {T<:Real}

Returns true/false if polygon is defined clockwise

is_counterclockwise(r::AbstractVector{T}, z::AbstractVector{T})::Bool where {T<:Real}

Returns true/false if polygon is defined counterclockwise

boundary_shape(;
    a::T,
    eps::T,
    kapu::T,
    kapl::T,
    delu::T,
    dell::T,
    zetaou::T,
    zetaiu::T,
    zetail::T,
    zetaol::T,
    zoffset::T,
    upnull::Bool=false,
    lonull::Bool=false,
    npts::Int=90
) where {T<:Real}

Function used to generate boundary shapes based on T. C. Luce, PPCF, 55 9 (2013)

• a: minor radius
• eps: aspect ratio
• kapu: upper elongation
• lkap: lower elongation
• delu: upper triangularity
• dell: lower triangularity
• zetaou: upper outer squareness
• zetaiu: upper inner squareness
• zetail: lower inner squareness
• zetaol: lower outer squareness
• zoffset: z-offset
• upnull: toggle upper x-point
• lonull: toggle lower x-point
• npts: number of points (per quadrant)

returns tuple with arrays of (r, z, zref)

>> boundary_shape(;a=0.608,eps=0.374,kapu=1.920,kapl=1.719,delu=0.769,dell=0.463,zetaou=-0.155,zetaiu=-0.255,zetail=-0.174,zetaol=-0.227,zoffset=0.000,upnull=true,lonull=false)

boundary(pc::IMAS.pulse_schedule__position_control{T}, time0::Float64)

return boundary from pulseschedule.positioncontrol at a given time0

boundary(pc::IMAS.pulse_schedule__position_control{T}, time_index::Int)

returns boundary from pulseschedule.positioncontrol at a given time_index

boundary(pc::IMAS.pulse_schedule__position_control; time0::Float64=global_time(pc))

Beturns r,z vectors from pulseschedule.positioncontrol.equilibriumtime_slice___boundaryoutline

x_points(x_points::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.pulse_schedule__position_control__x_point{T}}; time0::Float64=global_time(x_points)) where {T<:Real}

Beturns vector with tuples of R,Z coordinates of x-points in pulse_schedule at time0

strike_points(strike_points::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.pulse_schedule__position_control__strike_point{T}}; time0::Float64=global_time(strike_points)) where {T<:Real}

Beturns vector with tuples of R,Z coordinates of x-points in pulse_schedule at time0

Enum BuildLayerType

Used for dd.build.layer[:].type

• _plasma_ -> -1
• _gap_ -> 0
• _oh_ -> 1
• _tf_ -> 2
• _shield_ -> 3
• _blanket_ -> 4
• _wall_ -> 5
• _vessel_ -> 6
• _cryostat_ -> 7
• _divertor_ -> 8
• _port_ -> 9

Enum BuildLayerSide

Used for dd.build.layer[:].side

• _lfs_ -> -1
• _lhfs_ -> 0
• _hfs_ -> 1
• _in_ -> 2
• _out_ -> 3

Enum BuildLayerShape

Used for dd.build.layer[:].shape

• _offset_ -> 0
• _negative_offset_ -> 1
• _convex_hull_ -> 2
• _mirror_princeton_D_exact_ -> 3
• _princeton_D_ -> 4
• _mirror_princeton_D_ -> 5
• _princeton_D_scaled_ -> 6
• _mirror_princeton_D_scaled_ -> 7
• _rectangle_ -> 8
• _double_ellipse_ -> 9
• _mirror_double_ellipse_ -> 10
• _rectangle_ellipse_ -> 11
• _mirror_rectangle_ellipse_ -> 12
• _circle_ellipse_ -> 13
• _mirror_circle_ellipse_ -> 14
• _triple_arc_ -> 15
• _mirror_triple_arc_ -> 16
• _miller_ -> 17
• _silo_ -> 18
• _racetrack_ -> 19
• _undefined_ -> 20

build_radii(layers::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.build__layer{T}}) where {T<:Real}

Convert thicknesses to absolute radii in the build layers

get_build_indexes(
    layers::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.build__layer};
    type::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerType}=nothing,
    name::Union{Nothing,String}=nothing,
    identifier::Union{Nothing,Integer}=nothing,
    fs::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerSide,AbstractVector{BuildLayerSide}}=nothing)

Returns indexes of layer(s) in build based on a series of selection criteria

get_build_index(
    layers::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.build__layer};
    type::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerType}=nothing,
    name::Union{Nothing,String}=nothing,
    identifier::Union{Nothing,Integer}=nothing,
    fs::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerSide,AbstractVector{BuildLayerSide}}=nothing)

Returns index of layer in build based on a series of selection criteria

It raises an error if none or more than one layer matches.

get_build_layers(
    layers::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.build__layer};
    type::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerType}=nothing,
    name::Union{Nothing,String}=nothing,
    identifier::Union{Nothing,Integer}=nothing,
    fs::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerSide,AbstractVector{BuildLayerSide}}=nothing)

Select layer(s) in build based on a series of selection criteria

get_build_layer(
    layers::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.build__layer};
    type::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerType}=nothing,
    name::Union{Nothing,String}=nothing,
    identifier::Union{Nothing,Integer}=nothing,
    fs::Union{Nothing,BuildLayerSide,AbstractVector{BuildLayerSide}}=nothing)

Select layer in build based on a series of selection criteria

It raises an error if none or more than one layer matches.

opposite_side_layer(layer::IMAS.build__layer)

Returns corresponding layer on the high/low field side

is_metallic_wall(bd::IMAS.build)

Returns true if the plasma-facing wall is metallic.

Classification is based on the material of the _wall_ build layer(s): graphite/carbon walls return false, everything else returns true. Defaults to true (metallic) when no wall layer or material information is available, preserving the historical assumption of scalings that were derived for metal walls.

func_nested_layers(layer::IMAS.build__layer{D}, func::Function)::D where {D<:Real}

Apply function func to a layer, then subtract func applied to the layer inside of it.

This is used to caclulate area, volume, etc.. of each layer.

volume(layer::IMAS.build__layer)

Calculate volume of a build layer revolved around z axis

volume(layer::IMAS.build__structure)

Calculate volume of a build structure outline revolved around z axis

volume(coil::IMAS.pf_active__coil)

Returns volume of PF coils

first_wall(wall::IMAS.wall{T}; simplify_to_inscribed_fractional_area::Float64=1 - 1E-6) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with outline of the official contiguous first wall limiter contour, or an empty outline if not present

NOTE: in IMAS wall.description_2d[].limiter.type.index == 0 indicates an official contiguous limiter contour

NOTE: By default the first wall simplifies points on straight lines

first_wall(pf_active::IMAS.pf_active{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with outline of the first wall, defined by the pf_active.coils

first_wall(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice; precision::Float=1E-3) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with outline of the first wall, defined by equilibrium computation domain

first_wall(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, pf_active::IMAS.pf_active{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with outline of the first wall, defined as the equilibrium computational domain with cutouts for the pf_active.coils that fall in it

first_wall!(wall::IMAS.wall{T}, r::AbstractVector{T}, z::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Set wall.description_2d[?].limiter.unit[1].outline from input r and z

Returns the limiter.unit with the new outline

contiguous_limiter_from_open_limiters!(wall::IMAS.wall{T}) where {T<:Real}

Combines multiple open limiter units into a single contiguous closed limiter by connecting their outlines in sequence. The function chooses the connection order to minimize gaps between adjacent limiter segments.

Modifies the wall structure in-place by replacing existing limiters with one closed contiguous limiter named "contiguous first wall" and limiter.type.index=0

Returns the limiter.unit with the contiguous outline.

build_max_R0_B0(bd::IMAS.build)

Returns the plasma geometric center (r0) and the maximum vacuum toroidal magnetic field (b0) evaluated at (r0) that the TF build allows

vertical_maintenance(bd::IMAS.build; tor_modularity::Int=2, pol_modularity::Int=1, gap_VV_BL::Float64=0.1)

Returns the radial dimensions of the vertical vacuum port for blanket maintenance

gapVVBL is the margin between the blanket module and the wall (10cm seems reasonable)

outline(layer::Union{IMAS.build__layer, IMAS.build__structure})

outline(out::Union{IMAS.build__layer___outline,IMAS.build__structure___outline})

Returns a closed polygon as a named tuple with (r,z) of a dd.build.layer or dd.build.structure

outline(element::Union{IMAS.pf_active__coil___element{T},IMAS.pf_passive__loop___element{T}}) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with r and z arrays outline, independent of geometry_type used to describe the element

lnΛ_ee(ne::Real, Te::Real)

Calculate Couloumb logarithm (lnΛ) for thermal electron-electron collisions [NRL Plasma Formulary]

• ne: electron density [m^-3]

• Te: electron temperature [eV]

nΛ_ei(ne::S, Te::P, ni::AbstractVector{Q}, Ti::AbstractVector{R}, mi::AbstractVector{T}, Zi::AbstractVector{Int}) where {S<:Real,P<:Real,Q<:Real,R<:Real,T<:Real}

Calculate Couloumb logarithm (lnΛ) for thermal electron-ion collisions [NRL Plasma Formulary]

• ne: electron density [m^-3]

• Te: electron temperature [eV]

• ni: list of ion densities [m^-3]

• Ti: list of ion temperaturs [eV]

• mi: list of ion masses [amu]

• Zi: list of ion charges

lnΛ_ei(ne::Real, Te::Real)

Calculate Couloumb logarithm (lnΛ) for thermal electron-ion collisions where Ti*me/mi < 10Zi^2 eV < Te [NRL Plasma Formulary]

• ne: electron density [m^-3]

• Te: electron temperature [eV]

lnΛ_ii(ne::Real, Te::Real, ni1::Real, Ti1::Real, mi1::Real, Zi1::Real, ni2::Real, Ti2::Real, mi2::Real, Zi2::Real; beta_D::Real=0.0)

Calculate Couloumb logarithm (lnΛ) for mixed thermal ion1-ion2 collisions [NRL Plasma Formulary]

• ne: electron density [m^-3]

• Te: electron temperaturs [eV]

• ni1: ion1 density [m^-3]

• Ti1: ion1 temperature [eV]

• mi1: ion1 mass [amu]

• Zi1: ion1 charge

• ni1: ion2 density [m^-3]

• Ti1: ion2 temperature [eV]

• mi1: ion2 mass [amu]

• Zi1: ion2 charge

• beta_D: relative drift velocities between ion species v_D = beta_D*c

lnΛ_fi(ne::Real, Te::Real, n_i::Real, T_i::Real, m_i::Real, Z_i::Real, beta_f::Real, mf::Real, Zf::Real; verbose=true)

Calculate Couloumb logarithm (lnΛ) for beam/fast ion in the presence of warm electrons/ions [NRL Plasma Formulary]

• ne: electron density [m^-3]

• Te: electron temperaturs [eV]

• n_i: ion density [m^-3]

• Ti: ion temperature [eV]

• mi: ion mass [amu]

• Zi: ion charge

• beta_f: relative fast ion velocity v_f = beta_f*c

• mf: mass of fast ion [amu]

• Zf: charge of fast ion

Named tuple with physics constants in mks (and eV):

μ_0 = 1.25663706212e-6 [N A^-2]  # Vacuum permeability
c = 2.99792458e8 [m s^-1]        # Speed of light in vacuum
ϵ_0 = 8.8541878128e-12 [F m^-1]  # Vacuum permittivity
k_B = 1.380649e-23 [J K^-1]      # Boltzmann constant
e = 1.602176634e-19 [C]          # Elementary charge
m_e = 9.1093837015e-31 [kg]      # Electron mass
m_p = 1.67262192369e-27 [kg]     # Proton mass
m_n = 1.67492749804e-27 [kg]     # Neutron mass
m_d = 3.3435837768e-27 [kg]      # Deuteron mass
atm = 101325.0 [Pa]              # Standard atmosphere
m_u = 1.6605390666e-27 [kg]      # Atomic mass constant
avog = 6.02214076e23 [mol^-1]    # Avogadro constant
E_α = 3.518e6 [eV]               # Alpha particle energy
E_n = 14.072e6 [eV]              # Neutron energy

Named tuple with physics constants used for interfacing with CGS codes:

e=4.8032e-10 # stacoul
k=1.6022e-12 # erg/eV
c=2.9979e10 # cm/s
me=9.1094e-28 # g
mp=1.6726e-24 # g
md=3.3435837768e-24 # g
T_to_Gauss=1e4
Erg_to_J=1e-7
m_to_cm=1e2
m²_to_cm²=1E4
m³_to_cm³=1e6

j_ohmic_steady_state(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, ip::T, j_ohmic_shape::AbstractVector{T}=cp1d.conductivity_parallel) where {T<:Real}

Sets j_ohmic parallel current density to what it would be at steady-state, based on conductivity_parallel, j_non_inductive and a target total ip

Requires constant loop voltage: Vl = 2π * η * <J_oh⋅B> / (F * <R⁻²>) = constant

JtoR_2_JparB(rho_tor_norm::Vector{<:Real}, JtoR::Vector{<:Real}, includes_bootstrap::Bool, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Given <Jt/R> returns <J⋅B>

Transformation obeys <J⋅B> = (1/f)*(<B^2>/<1/R^2>)*(<Jt/R> + dp/dpsi*(1 - f^2*<1/R^2>/<B^2>))

Includes_bootstrap set to true if input current includes bootstrap

NOTE: Jtor ≂̸ JtoR

<Jt/R> = <Jt/R>/<1/R> * <1/R> = Jtor * <1/R> = Jtor * gm9

NOTE: Jpar ≂̸ JparB

JparB = Jpar * B0

JparB_2_JtoR(rho_tor_norm::Vector{<:Real}, JparB::Vector{<:Real}, includes_bootstrap::Bool, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Given <J⋅B> returns <Jt/R>

Transformation obeys <J⋅B> = (1/f)*(<B^2>/<1/R^2>)*(<Jt/R> + dp/dpsi*(1 - f^2*<1/R^2>/<B^2>))

Includes_bootstrap set to true if input current includes bootstrap

NOTE: Jtor ≂̸ JtoR

<Jt/R> = <Jt/R>/<1/R> * <1/R> = Jtor * <1/R> = Jtor * gm9

NOTE: Jpar ≂̸ JparB

JparB = Jpar * B0

Jtor_2_Jpar(rho_tor_norm::Vector{<:Real}, Jtor::Vector{<:Real}, includes_bootstrap::Bool, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Given Jtor returns Jpar

Includes_bootstrap set to true if input current includes bootstrap

NOTE: Jtor ≂̸ JtoR

<Jt/R> = <Jt/R>/<1/R> * <1/R> = Jtor * <1/R> = Jtor * gm9

NOTE: Jpar ≂̸ JparB

JparB = Jpar * B0

Jpar_2_Jtor(rho_tor_norm::Vector{<:Real}, Jpar::Vector{<:Real}, includes_bootstrap::Bool, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Given Jpar returns Jtor

Includes_bootstrap set to true if input current includes bootstrap

NOTE: Jtor ≂̸ JtoR

<Jt/R> = <Jt/R>/<1/R> * <1/R> = Jtor * <1/R> = Jtor * gm9

NOTE: Jpar ≂̸ JparB

JparB = Jpar * B0

vloop(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}) where {T<:Real}

Vloop = 2π * η * <J_oh⋅B> / (F * <R⁻²>): method emphasizes the resistive nature of the plasma

vloop(eq::IMAS.equilibrium{T}, n::Int=1; time0::Float64=global_time(eq)) where {T<:Real}

Vloop = dψ/dt: method emphasizes the inductive nature of the loop voltage. Assumes COCOS 11.

n is the number of timeslices priors use to take the difference in psiboundary

vloop(eq::IMAS.equilibrium{T}, n::Int; time0::Float64=global_time(eq)) where {T<:Real}

Vloop = dψ/dt: method emphasizes the inductive nature of the loop voltage. Assumes COCOS 11.

δt is the time difference used to take the difference in psi_boundary

vloop(ct::IMAS.controllers{T}; time0::Float64=global_time(ct)) where {T<:Real}

Returns vloop at time0 from controller named ip

vloop_time(ct::IMAS.controllers{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with time and data with vloop from controller named ip

vloop_time(eq::IMAS.equilibrium{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with time and data with vloop from equilibrium

vloop_time(cp::IMAS.core_profiles{T}, eq::IMAS.equilibrium) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with time and data with vloop from core_profiles

Ip_non_inductive(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}) where {T<:Real}

Integrated toroidal non-inductive current

Ip_bootstrap(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}) where {T<:Real}

Integrated toroidal bootstrap current

Ip_ohmic(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}) where {T<:Real}

Integrated toroidal ohmic current

Ip(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}) where {T<:Real}

Integrated toroidal total current (based on core_profiles)

Ip(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}) where {T<:Real}

Integrated toroidal total current (based on equilibrium)

plasma_lumped_resistance(dd::IMAS.DD)

Returns equivalent plasma lumped resistance in ohms

extract_subsystem_from_channel_name(name::AbstractString)

Extract subsystem identifier from channel name. Returns the subsystem string, or the full name if no pattern is recognized.

Handles various naming conventions:

• Position-based: "TScorer+038" → "TScore"
• Position-based: "TStangentialr+125" → "TStangential"
• Simple numbered: "TSCORE01" → "TS_CORE"
• Generic pattern: "DIVERTOR_05" → "DIVERTOR"

ψ_interpolant(eqt2d::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d)

Returns r, z, and ψ interpolant named tuple

ψ_interpolant(r::AbstractRange{T1}, z::AbstractRange{T1}, psi::Matrix{T2}) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

ψ_interpolant(eqt2dv::IDSvector{<:IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d})

ψ_interpolant(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

ρ_interpolant(eqt2d::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d{T}, phi_norm::T) where {T<:Real}

Returns r, z, and ρ interpolant named tuple

ρ_interpolant(r::AbstractRange{T}, z::AbstractRange{T}, rho::Matrix{T}) where {T<:Real}

ρ_interpolant(eqt2dv::IDSvector{<:IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d{T}}, phi_norm::T) where {T<:Real}

ρ_interpolant(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

calc_pprime_ffprim_f(
    psi::T,
    R::T,
    one_R::T,
    one_R2::T,
    R0::Real,
    B0::Real;
    pressure::Union{Missing,T}=missing,
    dpressure_dpsi::Union{Missing,T}=missing,
    j_tor::Union{Missing,T}=missing,
    j_tor_over_R::Union{Missing,T}=missing,
    f::Union{Missing,T}=missing,
    f_df_dpsi::Union{Missing,T}=missing,
    ) where {T<:AbstractVector{<:Real}}

This method returns the P' and FF' given P or P' and J or J/R based on the current equilibrium fluxsurfaces geometry

Arguments:

• psi: poloidal flux
• R: <R>
• one_R: <1/R>
• one_R2: <1/R²>
• R0: R at which B0 is defined
• B0: vacuum magnetic field
• pressure: P
• dpressure_dpsi: P'
• j_tor: toroidal current
• j_tor_over_R: flux surface averaged toroidal current density over major radius
• f: F
• f_df_dpsi: FF'

returns (P', FF', F)

p_jtor_2_pprime_ffprim_f(eqt1::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_1d, R0::Real, B0::Real)

Calculate P', FF' and F from pressure and j_tor in equilibrium

symmetrize_equilibrium!(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Update equilibrium time slice in place to be symmetric with respect to its magnetic axis.

This is done by averaging the upper and lower parts of the equilibrium.

Flux surfaces should re-traced after this operation.

NOTE: Use with care! This operation will change the flux surfaces (LCFS included) and as such quantities may change

B0_geo(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T})::T where{T<:Real}

Returns vacuum B0 at the plasma geometric center, which may or may not be eqt.global_quantities.vacuum_toroidal_field.r0

elongation_limit(R0_over_a::Real)

Returns elongation limit due to control limit from simple aspect ratio scaling

elongation_limit(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

optimal_kappa_delta(li::T1, βp::T1, ϵ::T1, γτw::T2, ∆o::T2) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

An analytic scaling relation for the maximum tokamak elongation against n=0 MHD resistive wall modes Jungpyo Lee, Jeffrey P. Freidberg, Antoine J. Cerfon, Martin Greenwald https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1741-4326%2Faa6877

NOTE:

• γτw is the feedback capability parameter and represents how fast a instability is controllable (𝛾 is the instability growth rate and τw is the wall diffusion time) (typically γτw < 10 is assumed for controllability, see VacuumFields.normalized_growth_rate())

• ∆o is the outer gap (NOTE: assumes ∆o = ∆i = 1/3 * ∆v) detemines the relation between κ and δ of the plasma boundary and the κw=(κ+3∆o)(1+∆o) and δw=δ(1+∆o) of the wall boundary

optimal_kappa_delta(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, γτw::T, ∆o::T) where {T<:Real}

estrada_I_integrals(ne::Real, Te::Real, ni::AbstractVector{<:Real}, Ti::AbstractVector{<:Real}, mi::AbstractVector{<:Real}, Zi::AbstractVector{Int}, Ef::Real,  mf::Real, Zf::Real)

Returns solution to i2 and i4 integrals from [Estrada et al., Phys of Plasm. 13, 112303 (2006)] Eq. 9 & 10

• ne: electron density [m^-3]
• Te: electron temperature [eV]
• ni: list of ion densities [m^-3]
• Ti: list of ion temperatures [eV]
• mi: list of ion masses [amu]
• Zi: list of ion charges
• Ef: fast ion energy [eV]
• mf: mass of fast ion [amu]
• Zf: fast ion charge

estrada_I_integrals(ne::Real, Te::Real, ni::AbstractVector{<:Real}, Ti::AbstractVector{<:Real}, mi::AbstractVector{<:Real}, Zi::AbstractVector{Int}, Ef::Real,  mf::Real, Zf::Real)

Returns solution to i2 and i4 integrals from [Estrada et al., Phys of Plasm. 13, 112303 (2006)] Eq. 9 & 10

• Ef: fast ion energy [eV]
• Ec: critical energy [eV]

α_slowing_down_time(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, irho::Int=1)

Returns the slowing down time in seconds of α particles evaluated at irho (by default on axis)

critical_energy(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, irho::Int, mf::Real, Zf::Real; approximate::Bool=true)

Returns Ec the critical energy by finding the root of the difference between the electron and ion drag

• mf: mass of fast ion [amu]
• Zf: fast ion charge
• approximate: calculate critical energy assuming lnΛ_fe == lnΛ_fi. For DIII-D this results in a correction factor of (lnΛfi/lnΛfe)^(2/3) ≈ 1.2.

thermalization_time(v_f, v_c, tau_s)

Calculate thermalization time in seconds

• v_f: fast ion velocity
• v_c: critical velocity
• tau_s: slowing down time

thermalization_time(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, irho::Int, Ef::Real, mf::Real, Zf::Real)

Calculate thermalization time in seconds of a fast ion with energy Ef and Ti*me/mi < 10Zi^2 eV < Te

• Ef: fast ion energy [eV]
• mf: mass of fast ion [amu]
• Zf: fast ion charge

α_thermalization_time(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, irho::Int)

Returns the thermalization time in seconds of α particles evaluated on axis

fast_ion_thermalization_time(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, irho::Int, ion::Union{IMAS.nbi__unit___species,IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion___element}, ion_energy::Real)

Returns the fast ion thermalization time in seconds evaluated on axis

fast_particles_profiles!(cs::IMAS.core_sources, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; verbose::Bool=false, max_fast_frac::Float64=0.8, modify_electron_density::Bool=false)

Fills the core_profiles fast ion densities and pressures that result from fast ion sources (eg. fusion and nbi)

This calculation is done based on the slowing_down_time and thermalization_time of the fast ion species.

By default the fast ion density is subtracted from the thermal density of the same ion species, keeping the total ion density (and thus the electron density) unchanged. If modify_electron_density is true, the thermal ion density is instead left unchanged and the electron density is recomputed to satisfy quasi-neutrality.

sivukhin_fraction(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, particle_energy::Real, particle_mass::Real)

Compute a low-accuracy but fast approximation of the ion to electron heating fraction for fast particles (like alpha particles and beam particles)

smooth_beam_power(time::AbstractVector{Float64}, power::AbstractVector{T}, taus::Float64) where {T<:Real}

Smooths out the beam power history based on a given thermalization constant taus

Such smoothing mimics the delayed contribution from the instantaneous source, as well as the gradual decay of the previous fast ion population over time.

smooth_beam_power(time::AbstractVector{Float64}, power::AbstractVector{T}, time0::Float64, taus::Float64) where {T<:Real}

Return smoothed beam power at time0

Br_Bz(eqt2d::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d)

Returns Br and Bz named tuple evaluated at r and z starting from ψ interpolant

Br_Bz(eqt2dv::IDSvector{<:IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d})

Br_Bz(PSI_interpolant, r::T, z::T) where {T<:Real}

Br_Bz(PSI_interpolant, r::AbstractArray{T}, z::AbstractArray{T}) where {T<:Real}

Br_Bphi_Bz(PSI_interpolant, B0::Real, R0::Real, r::Real, phi::Real, z::Real)

Returns Br, Bphi, Bz named tuple evaluated at (r, z) starting from ψ interpolant and B0 and R0. phi is accepted for signature symmetry with the (x, y, z) callers but is unused: the equilibrium is axisymmetric, so all components are independent of the toroidal angle.

Bx_By_Bz(PSI_interpolant, B0::Real, R0::Real, x::Real, y::Real, z::Real)

Returns Bx, By, Bz named tuple evaluated at x,y,z starting from ψ interpolant and B0 and R0

Bp(eqt2d::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d)

Returns Bp evaluated at r and z starting from ψ interpolant

Bp(PSI_interpolant, r::T, z::T) where {T<:Real}

Bp(eqt2dv::IDSvector{<:IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___profiles_2d})

trace_field_line(vector_field, start_point, step_size, stop_condition; method=:implicit_midpoint)

Compute a trajectory along a vector field.

Arguments

• vector_field: Vector field function
• start_point: Initial point of the trajectory
• step_size: Size of each integration step
• stop_condition: Function determining when to stop integration. Receives an object exposing current_point, count, and Δϕ, and returns a Bool.

Keywords

• method: integration method, :implicit_midpoint (default; 2nd-order, symplectic) or :rk4 (explicit 4th-order, faster)

Returns

Trajectory represented as a vector of points

trace_field_line(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, r, z; phi=zero(r), step_size=0.01, max_turns=1, stop_condition=nothing, method=:implicit_midpoint)

Compute a field line trajectory for a specific equilibrium time slice.

Arguments

• eqt: Equilibrium time slice
• r: Radial coordinate
• z: Vertical coordinate
• phi: Toroidal angle (default: 0)
• step_size: Size of each integration step (default: 0.01)
• max_turns: Maximum number of toroidal turns used in default stop condition (default: 1)
• stop_condition: User defined stop condition that takes an object exposing current_point, count, and Δϕ and returns a Boolean (default: nothing)
• method: integration method, :implicit_midpoint (default) or :rk4 (explicit, faster)

Returns

Named tuple with x, y, z, r, and phi coordinates of the trajectory

find_psi_boundary(
    dimR::Union{AbstractVector{T1},AbstractRange{T1}},
    dimZ::Union{AbstractVector{T1},AbstractRange{T1}},
    PSI::Matrix{T2},
    psi_axis::Real,
    original_psi_boundary::Real,
    RA::T3,
    ZA::T3,
    fw_r::AbstractVector{T4},
    fw_z::AbstractVector{T5};
    PSI_interpolant=IMAS.ψ_interpolant(dimR, dimZ, PSI).PSI_interpolant,
    precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision,
    raise_error_on_not_open::Bool,
    raise_error_on_not_closed::Bool,
    verbose::Bool=false
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real,T3<:Real,T4<:Real,T5<:Real}

find_psi_boundary(
    dimR::Union{AbstractVector{T1},AbstractRange{T1}},
    dimZ::Union{AbstractVector{T1},AbstractRange{T1}},
    PSI::Matrix{T2},
    psi_axis::Real,
    axis2bnd::Symbol,
    RA::T3,
    ZA::T3,
    fw_r::AbstractVector{T4}=T1[],
    fw_z::AbstractVector{T5}=T1[],
    r_cache::AbstractVector{T1}=T1[],
    z_cache::AbstractVector{T1}=T1[];
    PSI_interpolant=IMAS.ψ_interpolant(dimR, dimZ, PSI).PSI_interpolant,
    precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision,
    raise_error_on_not_open::Bool,
    raise_error_on_not_closed::Bool,
    verbose::Bool=false
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real,T3<:Real,T4<:Real,T5<:Real}

find_psi_boundary(
    dimR::Union{AbstractVector{T1},AbstractRange{T1}},
    dimZ::Union{AbstractVector{T1},AbstractRange{T1}},
    PSI::Matrix{T2},
    psirange_init::AbstractVector,
    RA::T3,
    ZA::T3,
    fw_r::AbstractVector{T4},
    fw_z::AbstractVector{T5},
    r_cache::AbstractVector{T1}=T1[],
    z_cache::AbstractVector{T1}=T1[];
    PSI_interpolant=IMAS.ψ_interpolant(dimR, dimZ, PSI).PSI_interpolant,
    precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision,
    raise_error_on_not_open::Bool,
    raise_error_on_not_closed::Bool,
    verbose::Bool=false
)

find_psi_separatrix(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}; precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision) where {T<:Real}

Returns psi of the first magentic separatrix

Note: The first separatrix is the LCFS only in diverted plasmas

find_psi_2nd_separatrix(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}; precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision) where {T<:Real}

Returns psi of the second magentic separatrix

returns diverted and not_diverted surface in a NamedTuple

• diverted is when the surface starts and finishes on the same side of the midplane

• not_diverted is when the surface starts and finishes on opposite sides of the midplane

find_psi_last_diverted(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    PSI_interpolant;
    precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision)

Returns psi_last_lfs,psifirstlfsfar, andnullwithin_wall`

• psi_first_lfs_far will be the first surface inside OFL[:lfs_far]

• psi_last_lfs will be the last surface inside OFL[:lfs]

Precision between the two is defined on the poloidal crossection area at the OMP (Psol*precision = power flowing between psi_first_lfs_far and psi_last_lfs ~ 0)

find_psi_tangent_omp(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    PSI_interpolant;
    precision::Float64=flux_surfaces_precision)

Returns the psi of the magnetic surface in the SOL which is tangent to the wall near the outer midplane

find_psi_max(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}; precision::Float64=1e-2) where {T<:Real}

Returns the max psi useful for an ofl in the SOL with no wall.

find_psi_wall_omp(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, wall_r::AbstractVector{<:Real}, wall_z::AbstractVector{<:Real})

Returns the psi of the magnetic surface in the SOL which intersects the wall at the outer midplane

find_psi_wall_omp(
    PSI_interpolant,
    RA::T1,
    ZA::T1,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T2},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T2},
    psi_max::T1,
    psi_sign::T1
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

interp_rmid_at_psi(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, PSI_interpolant, R::AbstractVector{<:Real})

Returns the interpolant r_mid(ψ) to compute the r at the midplane of the flux surface identified by ψ

The vector R defines the sampling of interest for thie interpolation

struct SimpleSurface{T<:Real} <: AbstractFluxSurface{T}
    psi::T
    r::Vector{T}
    z::Vector{T}
    ll::Vector{T}
    fluxexpansion::Vector{T}
    int_fluxexpansion_dl::T
end

A simplified version of FluxSurface that only has the contour points and what is needed to compute flux surface averages

struct FluxSurface{T<:Real} <: AbstractFluxSurface{T}
    psi::T
    r::Vector{T}
    z::Vector{T}
    r_at_max_z::T
    max_z::T
    r_at_min_z::T
    min_z::T
    z_at_max_r::T
    max_r::T
    z_at_min_r::T
    min_r::T
    Br::Vector{T}
    Bz::Vector{T}
    Bp::Vector{T}
    Btot::Vector{T}
    ll::Vector{T}
    fluxexpansion::Vector{T}
    int_fluxexpansion_dl::T
end

trace_simple_surfaces(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Trace flux surfaces and returns vector of SimpleSurface structures. The result contains only the contours and what is needed to perform flux-surface averaging.

trace_simple_surfaces(
    psi::AbstractVector{T},
    r::AbstractVector{T},
    z::AbstractVector{T},
    PSI::Matrix{T},
    PSI_interpolant,
    RA::T,
    ZA::T,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T}
) where {T<:Real}

Trace flux surfaces and returns vector of SimpleSurface structures. The result contains only the contours and what is needed to perform flux-surface averaging.

trace_simple_surfaces!(
    surfaces::Vector{SimpleSurface{T}},
    psi::AbstractVector{T},
    r::AbstractVector{T},
    z::AbstractVector{T},
    PSI::Matrix{T},
    PSI_interpolant,
    RA::T,
    ZA::T,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T},
    r_cache::AbstractVector{T}=T[],
    z_cache::AbstractVector{T}=T[])
) where {T<:Real}

Trace flux surfaces and store in surfaces vector of SimpleSurface structures. The result contains only the contours and what is needed to perform flux-surface averaging.

trace_surfaces(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}; refine_extrema::Bool=true) where {T<:Real}

Trace flux surfaces and returns vector of FluxSurface structures

trace_surfaces(
    psi::AbstractVector{T},
    f::AbstractVector{T},
    r::AbstractVector{T},
    z::AbstractVector{T},
    PSI::Matrix{T},
    PSI_interpolant,
    RA::T,
    ZA::T,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T};
    refine_extrema::Bool=true
) where {T<:Real}

flux_surfaces(eq::equilibrium{T}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Update flux surface averaged and geometric quantities for all time_slices in the equilibrium IDS

flux_surfaces(eqt::equilibrium__time_slice{T1}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T2}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T2}) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

Update flux surface averaged and geometric quantities for a given equilibrum IDS time slice.

flux_surfaces(eqt::equilibrium__time_slice, wall::IMAS.wall)

flux_surface(eqt::equilibrium__time_slice{T}, psi_level::Real, type::Symbol, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns a vector with the (r,z) coordiates of flux surface at given psi_level

The type parameter:

• :any: return all contours
• :closed: all closed flux-surface that encircle the magnetic axis and do not cross the wall
• :open: all open flux-surfaces (considerning open even closed flux surfaces that hit the first wall)
• :open_no_wall: all open flux-surfaces independently of wall
• :encircling: open flux-surfaces encircling the magnetic axis

flux_surface(
    dim1::AbstractVector{T1},
    dim2::AbstractVector{T1},
    PSI::AbstractArray{T2},
    RA::T3,
    ZA::T3,
    fw_r::AbstractVector{T4},
    fw_z::AbstractVector{T4},
    psi_level::T5,
    type::Symbol
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real,T3<:Real,T4<:Real,T5<:Real}

flux_surface(
    dim1::Union{AbstractVector{T},AbstractRange{T}},
    dim2::Union{AbstractVector{T},AbstractRange{T}},
    cl::Contour.ContourLevel,
    RA::T,
    ZA::T,
    fw_r::AbstractVector{T},
    fw_z::AbstractVector{T},
    type::Symbol) where {T<:Real}

flux_surface_avg(quantity::AbstractVector{T}, surface::FluxSurface{T}) where {T<:Real}

Flux surface averaging of a quantity

flux_surface_avg(f::F1, surface::FluxSurface{T}) where {F1<:Function, T<:Real}

Flux surface averaging of a function

volume_integrate(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, what::AbstractVector{T})::AbstractVector{T} where {T<:Real}

Integrate quantity over volume

volume_integrate(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, what::AbstractVector{T})::AbstractVector{T} where {T<:Real}

Cumulative integrate quantity over volume

surface_integrate(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, what::AbstractVector{T})::AbstractVector{T} where {T<:Real}

Integrate quantity over surface

surface_integrate(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, what::AbstractVector{T})::AbstractVector{T} where {T<:Real}

Cumulative integrate quantity over surface

find_x_point!(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Find the n X-points that are closest to the separatrix

x_points_inside_wall(x_points::IDSvector{<:IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice___boundary__x_point}, wall::IMAS.wall)

Returns vector of x_points that are inside of the first wall

miller_R_a_κ_δ_ζ(pr, pz, r_at_max_z, max_z, r_at_min_z, min_z, z_at_max_r, max_r, z_at_min_r, min_r)

Returns named tuple with R0, a, κ, δu, δl, ζou, ζol, ζil, ζiu of a contour

miller_R_a_κ_δ_ζ(pr::Vector{T}, pz::Vector{T}) where {T<:Real}

fluxsurface_extrema(pr::Vector{T}, pz::Vector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns extrema indexes and values of R,Z flux surfaces vectors:

imaxr, iminr,
imaxz, iminz,
r_at_max_z, max_z,
r_at_min_z, min_z,
z_at_max_r, max_r,
z_at_min_r, min_r

luce_squareness(pr::AbstractVector{T}, pz::AbstractVector{T}, r_at_max_z::T, max_z::T, r_at_min_z::T, min_z::T, z_at_max_r::T, max_r::T, z_at_min_r::T, min_r::T) where {T<:Real}

Squareness from: "An analytic functional form for characterization and generation of axisymmetric plasma boundaries" T.C. Luce, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 55 (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/55/9/095009

Returns: zetaou, zetaol, zetail, zetaiu

areal_elongation(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

A measure of the plasma elongation based on the averaged cross-sectional area of the plasma, most notably used in the H98y2 scaling

See: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/48/9/099801/pdf

rec_to_mxh_coeffs(dd::IMAS.DD)

fits rectangular flux surface mesh in dd to MXH

line_average(
    rho_interp,
    lcfs_r::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    lcfs_z::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    q::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho_tor_norm::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    r1::T1, z1::T1, ϕ1::T1,
    r2::T1, z2::T1, ϕ2::T1;
    n_points::Int=100
) where {T1<:Real}

Low-level function that takes pre-computed ρ interpolant and LCFS boundary arrays.

This is more efficient when computing line averages for multiple channels or time-slices with the same equilibrium.

Returns named tuple with (:lineintegral, :lineaverage, :path_length)

line_average(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    q::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho_tor_norm::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    line_of_sight;
    n_points::Int=100
)

High-level convenience function for computing line averages

Returns named tuple with (:lineintegral, :lineaverage, :path_length)

ne_line(::Nothing, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the averaged density along rhotornorm (to be used when equilibrium information is not available)

ne_line(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, ne_profile::AbstractVector{<:Real}, rho_ne::AbstractVector{<:Real})

ne_line(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the line averaged density from the equilibrium midplane horizantal line

ne_line(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time)

ne_line(ps::IMAS.pulse_schedule; time0=global_time(ps))

returns neline from pulseschedule looking first in `pulseschedule.densitycontrol.neline.referenceand thenpulseschedule.densitycontrol.greenwald_fraction.reference`

ne_line(
    equilibrium::IMAS.equilibrium,
    core_profiles::IMAS.core_profiles,
    interferometer::IMAS.interferometer;
    times::Vector{Float64}=equilibrium.time
)

Calculate time-dependent line average electron density for all interferometer channels.

Returns new interferometer IDS with synthetic data.

interferometer!(
    intf::IMAS.interferometer,
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d;
    time0::Float64=eqt.time,
    n_points::Int=100
)

Populate interferometer IDS with synthetic line-averaged and line-integrated electron density measurements for a single time slice.

interferometer!(
    intf::IMAS.interferometer,
    eq::IMAS.equilibrium,
    cp::IMAS.core_profiles;
    n_points::Int=100
)

Populate interferometer IDS with synthetic line-averaged and line-integrated electron density measurements for all time slices.

spitzer_conductivity(ne, Te, Zeff)

Calculates the Spitzer conductivity in [1/(Ω*m)]

collision_frequencies(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns named tuple with nue, nui, nu_exch in [1/s]

NOTE: transpiled from the TGYRO collision_rates subroutine

Sauter_neo2021_bootstrap(dd::IMAS.DD; neo_2021::Bool, same_ne_ni::Bool)

Calculates bootstrap current from the data dictionary. Both keyword arguments are required.

See Sauter_neo2021_bootstrap(eqt, cp1d; ...) for details on the keyword arguments.

Sauter_neo2021_bootstrap(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; neo_2021::Bool=true, same_ne_ni::Bool=false)

Calculates bootstrap current

• neo_2021: A.Redl, et al., Phys. Plasma 28, 022502 (2021) instead of O Sauter, et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 5140 (2002); doi:10.1063/1.1517052 (https://crppwww.epfl.ch/~sauter/neoclassical)

• sameneni: assume same inverse scale length for electrons and ions

collisionless_bootstrap_coefficient(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Returns the collisional bootstrap coefficient Cbs defines as jbootfract = Cbs * sqrt(ϵ) * βp

See: Gi et al., Fus. Eng. Design 89 2709 (2014)

See: Wilson et al., Nucl. Fusion 32 257 (1992)

nuestar(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculate the electron collisionality, ν_*e, as a dimensionless measure of the frequency of electron collisions relative to their characteristic transit frequency.

nuistar(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculate the ion collisionality, ν_*i, as a dimensionless measure of the frequency of ion collisions relative to their characteristic transit frequency.

neo_conductivity(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the neo-classical conductivity in 1/(Ohm*meter) based on the NEO 2021 modifcation

sawtooth_conductivity(conductivity::AbstractVector{T}, q::AbstractVector{T}; q_sawtooth::Float64=1.0) where {T<:Real}

Jardin's model for stationary sawteeth to raise q>1

ωtor2sonic(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; ind::Int=0)

Populates ExB rotation based on ion omega_tor assuming ωpol=0.0

Returns the updated cp1d with rotation_frequency_tor_sonic populated and all ion rotation frequencies updated.

ind is the ion species index to use as reference (0 = auto-select first non-zero rotation)

rho_correction is the near axis value where begin to taper dpi_dpsi term to zero, (This is needed to handle large gradients from fast ion subtraction)

ωtor2sonic!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; ind::Int=0)

Updates cp1d.rotation_frequency_tor_sonic in place based on the specified ion species toroidal rotation, assuming poloidal rotation ωpol=0.0.

sonic2ωtor(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, ion::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion)

Returns ion ωtor based on ExB rotation assuming ωpol=0.0

rho_correction is the near axis value where begin to taper dpi_dpsi term to zero, (This is needed to handle large gradients from fast ion subtraction)

Uses the existing rotation_frequency_tor_sonic field to compute individual ion toroidal rotation frequencies

sonic2ωtor!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, ion::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion)

In-place conversion of ExB sonic rotation to ion toroidal rotation frequencies.

Updates individual ion rotation_frequency_tor fields based on the existing ExB sonic rotation, assuming poloidal rotation ωpol=0.0.

sonic2ωtor!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

All ions: Updates rotation frequencies for all ion species in the profile

reactivity(Ti::AbstractVector{<:Real}, model::String; polarized_fuel_fraction::Real=0.0)

Fusion reactivity coming from H.-S. Bosch and G.M. Hale, Nucl. Fusion 32 (1992) 611. Model can be ["D+T→He4", "D+He3→He4", "D+D→T", "D+D→He3"]")

D_T_to_He4_reactions(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the number of D-T thermal fusion reactions to He4 in [reactions/m³/s]

D_D_to_He3_reactions(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates the number of D-D thermal fusion reactions to He3 in [reactions/m³/s]

D_D_to_T_reactions(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates the number of D-D thermal fusion reactions to T in [reactions/m³/s]

fusion_reaction_source(
    s1d::IMAS.core_sources__source___profiles_1d,
    reactivity::Vector{<:Real},
    in1::Symbol,
    in2::Symbol,
    out::Symbol,
    eV::Float64
)

Add a fusion reaction source for two isotopes coming in and one coming out

D_T_to_He4_source!(cs::IMAS.core_sources, cp::IMAS.core_profiles; combine_DT::Bool)

Calculates DT fusion heating with an estimation of the alpha slowing down to the ions and electrons, modifies dd.core_sources

D_D_to_He3_source!(cs::IMAS.core_sources, cp::IMAS.core_profiles)

Calculates the He-3 heating source from D-D fusion reactions, estimates energy transfer to ions and electrons, modifies dd.core_sources

D_D_to_T_source!(cs::IMAS.core_sources, cp::IMAS.core_profiles)

Calculates the T heating source from D-D fusion reactions, estimates energy transfer to ions and electrons, modifies dd.core_sources

D_T_to_He4_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; polarized_fuel_fraction::Real=0.0)

Volumetric heating source of He4 particles coming from D-T reactions [W m⁻³]

D_D_to_He3_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; polarized_fuel_fraction::Real=0.0)

Volumetric heating source of He3 particles coming from D-D reactions [W m⁻³]

D_D_to_T_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; polarized_fuel_fraction::Real=0.0)

Volumetric heating source of T and H particles coming from D-D reactions [W m⁻³]

D_T_to_He4_plasma_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; polarized_fuel_fraction::Real=0.0)

Total power in He4 from D-T reaction [W]

D_D_to_He3_plasma_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Total power in He3 from D-D reaction [W]

D_D_to_T_plasma_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Total power in T from D-D reaction [W]

fusion_plasma_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the total fusion power in the plasma in [W]

If D+T plasma, then D+D is neglected

fusion_plasma_power(dd::IMAS.DD)

fusion_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}; DD_fusion::Bool=false) where {T<:Real}

Calculates the total fusion power in [W]

If D+T plasma, then D+D is neglected

fusion_power(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time, DD_fusion::Bool=false)

Calculates the total fusion power [W] at time0 from dd.core_profiles.

fusion_energy(dd::IMAS.DD{T}; DD_fusion::Bool=false) where {T<:Real}

Fusion energy in [J]: fusion power integrated over simulation time

fusion_neutron_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the total fusion power in the neutrons [W]

If D+T plasma, then D+D is neglected

fusion_neutron_power(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates the total fusion power in neutrons [W] from the current time slice of dd.core_profiles.

x::T
y::T
z::T
δvx::T
δvy::T
δvz::T

Cartesian coordinate system centered in (R=0, Z=0); R = sqrt(X^2 + Y^2) Z = Z

Rcoord(p::Particle)

Return R coordinate of a Particle

define_particles(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, psi_norm::Vector{T}, source_1d::Vector{T}, N::Int; random_seed::Int=0) where {T<:Real}

Creates a vector of particles from a 1D source (psinorm, source1d) launching N particles.

Returns also a scalar (Ipertrace) which is the intensity per trace.

find_flux(particles::Vector{Particle{T}}, I_per_trace::T, rwall::Vector{T}, zwall::Vector{T}, dr::T, dz::T; ns::Int=10, debug::Bool=false) where {T<:Real}

Returns the flux at the wall of the quantity brought by particles, together with a vector of the surface elements on the wall (wall_s)

I_per_trace is the intensity per trace

(rwall, zwall) are the coordinates of the wall

dr, dz are the grid sizes used for the 2d source generation

ns is the window size

toroidal_intersection(r1::Real, z1::Real, r2::Real, z2::Real, px::Real, py::Real, pz::Real, vx::Real, vy::Real, vz::Real, v2::Real, vz2::Real)

Compute the time of intersection between a moving particle and a toroidal surface defined by two points (r1, z1) and (r2, z2).

Returns the smallest positive time at which the particle intersects the surface segment. Returns NaN if no valid intersection occurs.

• r1, z1: Coordinates of the first endpoint of the toroidal surface segment.
• r2, z2: Coordinates of the second endpoint of the toroidal surface segment.
• px, py, pz: Current position of the particle in Cartesian coordinates.
• vx, vy, vz: Velocity components of the particle.
• v2: Squared radial velocity component, vx^2 + vy^2.
• vz2: Squared z-velocity component, vz^2.

toroidal_intersections(wallr::Vector{T}, wallz::vector{T}, px::Real, py::Real, pz::Real, vx::Real, vy::Real, vz::Real) where {T<:Real}

Returns the first time of intersection between a moving particle and a wall in toroidal geometry

• wallr: Vector with r coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• wallz: Vector with z coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• px, py, pz: Current position of the particle in Cartesian coordinates.
• vx, vy, vz: Velocity components of the particle

toroidal_intersections(wallr::Vector{T}, wallz::vector{T}, px::Real, py::Real, pz::Real, vx::Real, vy::Real, vz::Real) where {T<:Real}

Returns first time of intersection between a moving particle and a wall in toroidal geometry

• wallr: Vector with r coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• wallz: Vector with z coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• px, py, pz: Current position of the particle in Cartesian coordinates.
• pol_angle, tor_angle: poloidal and toroidal angles of injection

toroidal_intersections(wallr::Vector{T}, wallz::vector{T}, px::Real, py::Real, pz::Real, vx::Real, vy::Real, vz::Real) where {T<:Real}

Returns all times of intersection between a moving particle and a wall in toroidal geometry

• wallr: Vector with r coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• wallz: Vector with z coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• px, py, pz: Current position of the particle in Cartesian coordinates.
• vx, vy, vz: Velocity components of the particle

toroidal_intersections(wallr::Vector{T}, wallz::vector{T}, px::Real, py::Real, pz::Real, vx::Real, vy::Real, vz::Real) where {T<:Real}

Returns all times of intersection between a moving particle and a wall in toroidal geometry

• wallr: Vector with r coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• wallz: Vector with z coordinates of the wall (must be closed)
• px, py, pz: Current position of the particle in Cartesian coordinates.
• pol_angle, tor_angle: poloidal and toroidal angles of injection

pol_tor_angles_2_vector(pol_angle::T, tor_angle::T) where {T<:Real}

Conversion from toroidal and poloidal angles expressed in radians to unit vector function poltorangles2vector(polangle::T, torangle::T) where {T<:Real} Uses ITER convention for EC launch angles and tor_angle

pencil_beam(starting_position::Vector{T}, velocity_vector::Vector{T}, time::AbstractVector{Float64})

returns named tuple with (x, y, z, r) of a beam injected at given (px, py, pz) starting_position with velocity (vx, vy, vz)

pencil_beam(starting_position::Vector{T}, pol_angle::T, tor_angle::T, time::AbstractVector{Float64}) where {T<:Real}

returns named tuple with (x, y, z, r) of a beam injected at given (px, py, pz) starting_position with given poloidal and toroidal angles

blend_core_edge_Hmode(
    profile::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    ped_height::Real,
    ped_width::Real,
    tr_bound0::Real,
    tr_bound1::Real;
    method::Symbol=:shift)

Blends the core profiles to the pedestal for H-mode profiles, making sure the Z's at trbound0 and trbound1 match the Z's from the original profile

blend_core_edge_EPED(
    profile::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    ped_height::Real,
    ped_width::Real,
    nml_bound::Real,
    ped_bound::Real;
    expin::Real,
    expout::Real;
    method::Symbol=:shift)

Blends the core and pedestal for given profile to match pedheight, pedwidth using nmlbound and pedbound as blending boundaries

blend_core_edge_Lmode(
    profile::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    ped_height::Real,
    ped_width::Real,
    tr_bound0::Real,
    tr_bound1::Real)

Blends the core profiles to the pedestal for L-mode profiles, making sure the Z's at tr_bound1 matches the Z's from the original profile

NOTE: pedwidth, trbound0, tr_bound1 are not utilized

pedestal_finder(profile::Vector{T}, psi_norm::Vector{T}; do_plot::Bool=false) where {T<:Real}

Finds the pedetal height and width using the EPED1 definition.

NOTE: The width is limited to be between 0.01 and 0.1. If the width is at the 0.1 boundary it is likely an indication that the profile is not a typical H-mode profile. The height is the value of the profile evaluated at (1.0 - width)

ped_height_at_09(rho::AbstractVector{T}, profile::AbstractVector{T}, height09::T) where {T<:Real}

Scale density profile so that value at rho=0.9 is height09

pedestal_tanh_width_half_maximum(rho::AbstractVector{T}, profile::AbstractVector{T}; rho_pedestal_full_height::Float64=0.9, tanh_width_to_09_factor::Float64=0.85)

Estimates the tanh-width at half-maximum of a pedestal profile, based on a hyperbolic tangent fit

• rho_pedestal_full_height: The normalized flux coordinate at which the pedestal is considered to reach full height.
• tanh_width_to_09_factor: Factor to convert the pedestal width at full height (ρ = 0.9) to a hyperbolic tangent profile width.

is_ohmic_coil(coil::IMAS.pf_active__coil)

Returns true/false if coil is part of the OH

set_coils_function(coils::IDSvector{<:IMAS.pf_active__coil}, R0::Float64; force::Bool=false)

Setup the pf_active.coil[:].function

pressure_thermal(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

core_profiles thermal pressure

pressure_thermal(cp1de::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___electrons)

electrons thermal pressure

pressure_thermal(ion::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion)

ion thermal pressure

pressure_thermal(cp1di::IMAS.IDSvector{IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion{T}}) where {T<:Real}

thermal pressure for all ions

beta_tor_thermal_norm(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Normalized toroidal beta from thermal pressure only, defined as 100 * betatorthermal * a[m] * B0 [T] / ip [MA]

beta_tor_norm(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Normalized toroidal beta from total pressure, defined as 100 * beta_tor * a[m] * B0 [T] / ip [MA]

beta_tor(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; norm::Bool, thermal::Bool)

Toroidal beta, defined as the volume-averaged total perpendicular pressure divided by (B0^2/(2*mu0)), i.e. beta_toroidal = 2 mu0 int(p dV) / V / B0^2

beta_tor(pressure_average::Real, Bt::Real)

Calculates Beta_tor from pressure and Bt

list_ions(ids1::IDS, idss::Vararg{T}; time0::Float64) where {T<:IDS}

List of ions mentioned in multiple IDSs at a given time

ion_element!(
    ion::Union{IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion,IMAS.core_sources__source___profiles_1d___ion},
    ion_symbol::Symbol;
    fast::Bool=false)

Fills the ion.element structure with the a and z_n information, also updates the ion.label

ion_properties( ion_symbol::Symbol; fast::Bool=false)

Returns named tuple with z_n, a, and label information of a given ion

binding_energy(Z::Int, N::Int)

Return the estimate binding energy in MeV

atomic_mass(Z::Int, N::Int)

Returns the estimated nucleus mass including the estimated effect of binding energy

energy_thermal(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Calculates the thermal stored energy

energy_thermal_ped(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, su::IMAS.summary)

Calculates the pedestal contribution to the thermal stored energy by integrating over entire domain but with pedestal pressure in the core

tau_e_thermal(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, sources::IMAS.core_sources; , include_radiation::Bool=true, include_time_derivative::Bool=true

Evaluate thermal energy confinement time

NOTE: This can go to infinity if there's more power coming out of the plasma than there is going in

tau_e_h98(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time, include_radiation::Bool=true, include_time_derivative::Bool=true)

H98y2 ITER elmy H-mode confinement time scaling

NOTE: H98y2 uses aereal elongation

NOTE: (IPBChap2.pdf, pg. 72) ...for practical reasons, the power lost by radiation inside the separatrix of the existing devices has been neglected when deriving the scalings. However, for ITER, such radiation is subtracted from the loss power when calculating the projected energy confinement time.

See Table 5 in https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/39/12/302/pdf and https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/48/9/099801/pdf for additional correction with plasma_volume

tau_e_ds03(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time, include_radiation::Bool=true, include_time_derivative::Bool=true)

Petty's 2003 confinement time scaling

NOTE: Petty uses elongation at the separatrix and makes no distinction between volume and line-average density

greenwald_density(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Simple greenwald line-averaged density limit

greenwald_density(ip::T, minor_radius::T) where {T<:Real}

greenwald_density(dd::IMAS.DD)

greenwald_density(ps::IMAS.pulse_schedule; time0=global_time(ps))

greenwald_fraction(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Greewald fraction

greenwald_fraction(dd::IMAS.DD)

ne_vol_avg(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Volume averaged electron density

beta_n(beta_tor::Real, minor_radius::Real, Bt::Real, Ip::Real)

Calculates BetaN from beta_tor

pressure_avg_from_beta_n(beta_n::Real, minor_radius::Real, Bt::Real, Ip::Real)

Calculates average pressure from BetaN

Hmode_profiles(edge::Real, ped::Real, core::Real, ngrid::Int, expin::Real, expout::Real, width::Real; offset::Real=0.0)

Generate H-mode density and temperature profiles evenly spaced in the radial coordinate

• edge: separatrix value
• ped: pedestal value
• core: on-axis value
• ngrid: number of radial grid points
• expin: inner core exponent for H-mode pedestal profile
• expout: outer core exponent for H-mode pedestal profile
• width: full width of pedestal (from the separatrix to the pedestal itself)
• offset: offset of the pedestal center

Hmode_profiles(edge::T, ped::T, ngrid::Int, expin::T, expout::T, width::T) where {T<:Real}

NOTE: The core value is allowed to float

Lmode_profiles(edge::Real, ped::Real, core::Real, ngrid::Int, expin::Real, expout::Real, width::Real)

Generate L-mode density and temperature profiles evenly spaced in the radial coordinate

• edge: separatrix value
• ped: pedestal value
• ngrid: number of radial grid points
• expin: inner core exponent for H-mode pedestal profile
• expout: outer core exponent for H-mode pedestal profile
• width: width of pedestal

A_effective(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}) where {T<:Real}

A_effective towards L to H scaling see: G. Birkenmeier et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 086005

scaling_L_to_H_power(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice; include_metallic_wall::Bool=true, include_∇B_drift::Bool=true, include_isotope::Bool=true)

L to H transition power threshold for metal walls and isotope effect according to: G. Birkenmeier et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 086005

See also: Reducing the L-H Transition Power Threshold in DIII-D ITER-Similar-Shape Hydrogen Plasmas, L. Schmitz IAEA FEC 2020

NOTE: This scaling does not reflect a well documented nonmonotonic density dependence.

LHthreshold doubles when ion ∇B drift is away from X-point

returns Infinity if the plasma is diverted or in negative triangularity

scaling_L_to_H_power(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time)

When include_metallic_wall is nothing (default) the wall type is auto-detected from dd.build via is_metallic_wall; pass true/false to force it.

L_H_threshold(cs::IMAS.core_sources, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice; time0::Float64=dd.global_time)

Returns ratio of Psol to Plh

L_H_threshold(dd::IMAS.DD)

The wall type (metallic vs. carbon) is auto-detected from dd.build via is_metallic_wall.

satisfies_h_mode_conditions(dd::IMAS.DD; threshold_multiplier::Float64=1.0)

Returns true if the plasma is diverted, has positive triangularity, and Psol > Plh * threshold_multiplier

ITB(rho0::T, width::T, height::T, rho::AbstractVector{T}) where {T<:Real}

tanh profile to be added to existing profiles to model Internal Transport Barrier (ITB). The ITB is centered at rho0, with a full width of width and given height

ITB_profile(rho::AbstractVector{T}, input_profile::AbstractVector{T}, rho0::T, width::T, height_ratio::T) where {T<:Real}

Add ITB to existing profile. The ITB is centered at rho0, with a full width of width, and a height expressed as a ratio of the input_profile evaluated on axis

species(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; only_electrons_ions::Symbol=:all, only_thermal_fast::Symbol=:all, return_zero_densities::Bool=false)

Returns species index and names (followed by "fast" if densityfast is present), for example:

(0, :electrons)
(0, :electrons_fast)
(1, :DT)
(2, :Kr83)
(3, :He4)
(1, :DT_fast)
(3, :He4_fast)

is_quasi_neutral(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; rtol::Float64=0.001)

Returns true if quasi neutrality is satisfied within a relative tolerance

is_quasi_neutral(dd::IMAS.DD)

enforce_quasi_neutrality!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, species::Symbol)

If species is :electrons then updates electrons.density_thermal to meet quasi-neutrality.

If species is an ion species, it evaluates the charge difference needed to reach quasi-neutrality (q_density_difference). At grid points where q_density_difference is negative (i.e., the target ion's required density would be negative, typically due to numerical noise at the boundary), the deficit is absorbed by increasing electrons.density_thermal at those points, and q_density_difference is clamped to zero. The positive remainder is then assigned to the target ion: when density_fast is present, density_thermal is updated and density is unfrozen; otherwise density is updated and density_thermal is unfrozen.

enforce_quasi_neutrality!(dd::IMAS.DD, species::Symbol)

lump_ions_as_bulk_and_impurity(ions::IMAS.IDSvector{<:IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion}, rho_tor_norm::Vector{<:Real})

Changes core_profiles.ion to 2 species, one bulk species (H, D, T) and one combined impurity species

unbundle_DT!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; dt_fraction::Real=0.5)

Split DT ion species into separate D and T species.

Finds ion species labeled "DT" and splits them into separate "D" and "T" species.

The densities, pressures, and other quantities are distributed according to dt_fraction.

bundle_DT!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; d_label::String="D", t_label::String="T")

Combine separate D and T ion species into a single DT species.

Finds "D" and "T" ion species and combines them into a single "DT" species.

Densities and pressures are summed, temperatures are density-weighted averaged.

new_impurity_fraction!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, impurity_name::Symbol, impurity_ne_fraction::Real)

Add thermal impurity to core_profiles given impurity fraction.

The new impurity will have the same density profile shape as the electron density profile and the same ion temperature as the main ion specie.

The main ion specie will be adjusted to have quasineutrality.

new_impurity_radiation!(dd::IMAS.DD, impurity_name::Symbol, total_radiated_power::Real)

Add thermal impurity to core_profiles to match a total radiated power.

The new impurity will have the same density profile shape as the electron density profile and the same ion temperature as the main ion specie.

The main ion specie will be adjusted to have quasineutrality.

new_impurity_radiation!(dd::IMAS.DD, impurity_name::Symbol, time_total_radiated_power::AbstractVector{Float64}, value_total_radiated_power::AbstractVector{<:Real})

zeff(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Returns plasma effective charge

avgZ(Z::Real, Ti::T) where {T<:Real}

Returns average ionization state of an ion at a given temperature

avgZ(ion::core_profiles__profiles_1d___ion)

Returns average ionization state profile of an ion

t_i_average(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)::Vector{<:Real}

Returns the average ion temperature weighted by each species density over the total number of ion particles

core_edge_energy(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, rho_ped::Real; thermal::Bool=true)

Evaluate stored energy in the core (< rhoped) or the pedestal (> rhoped)

core_edge_energy(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, rho_ped::Real)

Evaluate stored energy in the core (< rhoped) or the pedestal (> rhoped)

scale_ion_densities_to_target_zeff(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, rho_scale::Real, target_zeff::Real) where {T<:Real}

Returns scale coefficients for main ions and impurity density profiles needed to achieve a target zeff at a specific radial location

scale_ion_densities_to_target_zeff(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, target_zeff::Vector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Returns scale coefficients for main ions and impurity density profiles needed to achieve a target zeff profile

scale_ion_densities_to_target_zeff!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, rho_scale::Real, target_zeff::Real) where {T<:Real}

Scale main ions and impurity density profiles in place to achieve a target zeff at a specific radial location

scale_ion_densities_to_target_zeff!(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d{T}, target_zeff::Vector{T}) where {T<:Real}

Scale main ions and impurity density profiles in place to achieve a target zeff profile

NOTE: this function also enforces quasi-neutrality

radiation_losses(sources::IMAS.core_sources)

Evaluate total plasma radiation losses [W] due to bremsstrahlung, synchrotron, and line radiation

These are energy losses, so they have a negative sign.

bremsstrahlung_source!(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates approximate NRL Bremsstrahlung radiation source and modifies dd.core_sources

rad_sync(ϵ::T, a::T, B0::T, ne::T, Te::T; wall_reflection_coefficient) where {T<:Real}

Synchrotron radiation from Trubnikov, JETP Lett. 16 (1972) 25.0

Transpiled from gacode/tgyro/src/tgyro_rad.f90

See also: Study of heat and synchrotron radiation transport in fusion tokamak plasmas (C. Villar 1997)

synchrotron_source!(dd::IMAS.DD; wall_reflection_coefficient=0.0)

Calculates synchrotron radiation source and modifies dd.core_sources

line_radiation_source!(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates line radiation sources and modifies dd.core_sources

adas21(Te, name)

NOTE: Te in [keV] and output is in [erg / cm^3 / s]

12-term Chebyshev polynomial fits to ADAS data

ln[ Lz(x) ] = sum c_n T_n(x)

where

Lz = cooling rate in erg/cm^3/s

T_n(x) = cos[n*arccos(x)] (Chebyshev polynomials)

T = electron temperature

             ln(T/T_min)
x = -1 + 2 --------------- 
           ln(T_max/T_min)

c_n = tabulated polynomial coefficients for each ion

Acknowledgements:

• F. Sciortino for providing access to ADAS data via Aurora
• T. Pütterich for up-to-data ADAS data
• T. Odstrčil for help/checking of 2025 updates

References:

• Open ADAS: https://open.adas.ac.uk
• T. Pütterich et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 056013

Notes:

• Lz = Lzline + Lzcontinuum
• Aurora follows the radiation nomenclature of ADAS (as described here), separating "line" and "continuum" radiation. Line radiation basically comes from ADF11 PLT files and continuum radiation comes from ADF11 PRB files. Bremsstrahlung is included in the continuum term.
• For generation of fit coefficients, see tgyro/tools/radiation # Min and max values of Te

r::Vector{Float64}
z::Vector{Float64}
Br::Vector{Float64}
Bz::Vector{Float64}
Bp::Vector{Float64}
Bt::Vector{Float64}
pitch::Vector{Float64}
s::Vector{Float64}
midplane_index::Int
strike_angles::Vector{Float64}           # Angle in radiants between flux surface and the wall; poloidal angle
pitch_angles::Vector{Float64}            # Angle in radiants between B and Btoroidal; atan(Bp/Bt)
grazing_angles::Vector{Float64}          # Angle in radiants between B and the wall; grazing angle
total_flux_expansion::Vector{Float64}    # Total flux expansion
poloidal_flux_expansion::Vector{Float64} # Poloidal flux expansion
wall_index::Vector{Int}                  # index in dd.wall where strike points intersect

sol(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}; levels::Union{Int,AbstractVector}=20, use_wall::Bool=true) where {T<:Real}

Returns vectors of hfs and lfs OpenFieldLine

If levels is a vector, it has the values of psi from 0 to max psiwallmidplane. The function will modify levels of psi to introduce relevant sol surfaces

sol(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, wall::IMAS.wall; levels::Union{Int,AbstractVector}=20, use_wall::Bool=true)

sol(dd::IMAS.DD; levels::Union{Int,AbstractVector}=20, use_wall::Bool=true)

find_levels_from_P(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    PSI_interpolant,
    r::Vector{<:Real},
    q::Vector{<:Real},
    levels::Int
)

Function for the discretization of the poloidal flux ψ on the SOL, based on an hypotesis of OMP radial transport through arbitrary q(r) returns vector with level of ψ, vector with matching rmidplane and q. Discretization with even steps of P = integralsep^wal 2πrq(r)dr (same power in each flux tube)

find_levels_from_P(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    wall::IMAS.wall,
    PSI_interpolant,
    r::Vector{<:Real},
    q::Vector{<:Real},
    levels::Int
)

find_levels_from_P(dd::IMAS.DD, r::Vector{<:Real}, q::Vector{<:Real}, levels::Int)

find_levels_from_wall(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice,
    wall_r::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    PSI_interpolant
)

Function for that computes the value of psi at the points of the wall mesh in dd

find_levels_from_wall(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, wall::IMAS.wall, PSI_interpolant)

find_levels_from_wall(dd::IMAS.DD)

line_wall_2_wall(r::AbstractVector{T}, z::AbstractVector{T}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T}, RA::Real, ZA::Real) where {T<:Real}

Returns r, z coordinates of open field line contained within wall, as well as angles of incidence at the strike locations

RA and ZA are the coordinate of the magnetic axis

identify_strike_surface(ofl::OpenFieldLine, divertors::IMAS.divertors)

Returns vector of two tuples with three integers each, identifying the indexes of the divertor/target/tile that the field line intersections

When a field line does not intersect a divertor target, then the tuple returned is (0, 0, 0)

divertor_totals_from_targets!(divertor::IMAS.divertors__divertor)

Sets total values of properties by summing over the corresponding value on the targets

• powerblackbody
• power_conducted
• power_convected
• power_currents
• power_incident
• power_neutrals
• power_radiated
• powerrecombinationneutrals
• powerrecombinationplasma

Bpol(a::T, κ::T, Ip::T) where {T<:Real}

Average poloidal magnetic field magnitude

Bpol_omp(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice)

Poloidal magnetic field magnitude evaluated at the outer midplane

power_sol(core_sources::IMAS.core_sources, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d; time0::Float64=global_time(cp1d))

Total power coming out of the SOL [W]

NOTE: This function returns 1.0 [W] if power is less than that so that SOL quantities remain finite

power_sol(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time)

widthSOL_loarte(B0::T, q95::T, Psol::T) where {T<:Real}

Returns midplane power decay length λ_q in meters

widthSOL_loarte(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, core_sources::IMAS.core_sources)

widthSOL_loarte(dd::IMAS.DD)

widthSOL_sieglin(R0::T, a::T, Bpol_omp::T, Psol::T, ne_ped::T) where {T<:Real}

Returns integral power decay length λ_int in meters Eich scaling(NF 53 093031) & B. Sieglin PPCF 55 (2013) 124039

widthSOL_sieglin(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, core_sources::IMAS.core_sources)

widthSOL_sieglin(dd::IMAS.DD)

widthSOL_eich(R0::T, a::T, Bpol_omp::T, Psol::T) where {T<:Real}

Returns midplane power decay length λ_q in meters

Eich scaling (NF 53 093031)

widthSOL_eich(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, Psol::Real)

widthSOL_eich(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, core_sources::IMAS.core_sources)

widthSOL_eich(dd::IMAS.DD)

q_pol_omp_eich(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, core_sources::IMAS.core_sources)

Poloidal heat flux [W/m²] at the outer midplane based on Eich λ_q

q_pol_omp_eich(dd::IMAS.DD)

q_par_omp_eich(eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice, cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, core_sources::IMAS.core_sources)

Parallel heat flux [W/m²] at the outer midplane based on Eich λ_q

q_par_omp_eich(dd::IMAS.DD)

find_strike_points(pr::AbstractVector{T1}, pz::AbstractVector{T1}, wall_r::AbstractVector{T2}, wall_z::AbstractVector{T2}) where {T1<:Real, T2<:Real}Real}

Finds strike points and angles of incidence between two paths

find_strike_points(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T1},
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T2},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T2},
    psi_last_closed::Real,
    psi_first_open::Real;
    strike_surfaces_r::AbstractVector{T3}=wall_r,
    strike_surfaces_z::AbstractVector{T3}=wall_z,
    private_flux_regions::Bool=true
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real,T3<:Real}

Finds equilibrium strike points, angle of incidence between wall and strike leg, and the minimum distance between the surface where a strike point is located (both private and encircling) and the last closed flux surface (encircling)

find_strike_points(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T1},
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T2},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T2},
    psi_last_closed::Real,
    psi_first_open::Real,
    dv::IMAS.divertors{T1};
    private_flux_regions::Bool=true
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

Return strike points location in the divertors

find_strike_points!(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T1},
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T2},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T2},
    psi_last_closed::Real,
    psi_first_open::Real,
    dv::IMAS.divertors{T1};
    private_flux_regions::Bool=true,
    in_place::Bool=true
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

Adds strike points location to equilibrium IDS

find_strike_points!(
    eqt::IMAS.equilibrium__time_slice{T1},
    wall_r::AbstractVector{T2},
    wall_z::AbstractVector{T2},
    psi_last_closed::Real,
    psi_first_open::Real
) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Real}

fusion_source!(cs::IMAS.core_sources, cp::IMAS.core_profiles; DD_fusion::Bool=false)

Calculates fusion source from D-T and D-D reactions and adds them to dd.core_sources

If D+T plasma, then D+D is neglected

If D+D plasma fusion is included depending on DD_fusion switch

NOTE: if found, it removes :fusion source that were not generated by FUSE, to avoid double counting

fusion_source!(dd::IMAS.DD; DD_fusion::Bool=false)

collisional_exchange_source!(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates collisional exchange source and adds it to dd.core_sources

ohmic_source!(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates the ohmic source from data in dd.core_profiles and adds it to dd.core_sources

bootstrap_source!(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates the bootsrap current from profiles in dd.core_profiles and adds it both as source in dd.core_sources and cp1d.j_bootstrap

radiation_source!(dd::IMAS.DD)

Calculates the total radiation by calling:

• bremsstrahlung_source!()
• lineradiationsource!()
• synchrotron_source!()

NOTE: if found, it removes total :radiation source to avoid double counting radiation

intrinsic_sources!(dd::IMAS.DD; bootstrap::Bool=true, DD_fusion::Bool=false, fast_ion_densities::Bool=true)

Calculates intrinsic sources and sinks, and adds them to dd.core_sources

• bootstrap: Include bootstrap current source
• DD_fusion: Include D-D fusion reactions (only relevant for D+D plasmas)
• fast_ion_densities: Update fast ion density profiles after fusion source calculation
• modify_electron_density: When updating fast ion densities, adjust the electron density to satisfy quasi-neutrality instead of subtracting the fast density from the thermal ion density

time_derivative_source!(dd::IMAS.DD, cp1d_old::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d, Δt::Float64; zero_out::Bool)

Calculates time dependent sources and sinks, and adds them to dd.core_sources

These are the ∂/∂t term in the transport equations

time_derivative_source!(dd::IMAS.DD; zero_out::Bool=false)

total_mass_density(cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d)

Finds the total mass density [kg/m^-3]

total_power_inside(
    core_sources::IMAS.core_sources,
    cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d;
    time0::Float64=global_time(cp1d),
    include_radiation::Bool=true,
    include_time_derivative::Bool=true
)

Returns total power inside of the separatrix

total_power_source(source::IMAS.core_sources__source___profiles_1d)

Returns the total power (electron + ion) for a single source

total_power_time(core_sources::IMAS.core_sources, include_indexes::Vector{<:Integer})

Returns tuple of vectors with the total thermal power and time_array for given set of sources selected by identifier.index

retain_source(source::IMAS.core_sources__source, all_indexes::Vector{Int}, include_indexes::Vector{Int}, exclude_indexes::Vector{Int})

Function that decides whether a source should be kept or ignored when totaling sources

total_radiation_sources(dd::IMAS.DD; time0::Float64=dd.global_time, kw...)

sawteeth_source!(dd::IMAS.DD; qmin_desired::Union{Float64, Nothing}=nothing, flat_factor::Real=0.5)

Model sawteeth by flattening all sources where abs(q) drops below qmin_desired.

• qmin_desired: Safety factor threshold for sawteeth inversion. If nothing, uses dd.sawteeth.diagnostics.rho_tor_norm_inversion if available, otherwise falls back to 1.0
• flat_factor: Relaxation factor for flattening, from 0.0 (no change) to 1.0 (full flattening)

sawteeth_source!(dd::IMAS.DD{T}, rho0::T; flat_factor::Real=0.5) where {T<:Real}

Model sawteeth by flattening all sources within the inversion radius rho0

• rho0: Normalized toroidal flux coordinate of the inversion radius
• flat_factor: Relaxation factor for flattening (0 = no change, 1 = full flattening)

new_source(
    source::IMAS.core_sources__source,
    index::Int,
    name::String,
    rho::Union{AbstractVector,AbstractRange},
    volume::Union{AbstractVector,AbstractRange},
    area::Union{AbstractVector,AbstractRange};
    electrons_energy::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    electrons_power_inside::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    total_ion_energy::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    total_ion_power_inside::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    electrons_particles::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    electrons_particles_inside::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    j_parallel::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    current_parallel_inside::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    momentum_tor::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing,
    torque_tor_inside::Union{AbstractVector,Missing}=missing
)

Populates the IMAS.core_sources__source with given heating, particle, current, momentun profiles

total_power(
    ps::Union{IMAS.pulse_schedule,IMAS.pulse_schedule__ec,IMAS.pulse_schedule__ic,IMAS.pulse_schedule__lh,IMAS.pulse_schedule__nbi},
    times::AbstractVector{Float64};
    time_smooth::Float64)

Total injected power interpolated on a given time basis

coil_technology(technology::Symbol, coil_type::Symbol)

Return coil parameters from technology and coil type [:oh, :tf, :pf_active]"

fraction_conductor(coil_tech::Union{IMAS.build__pf_active__technology,IMAS.build__oh__technology,IMAS.build__tf__technology})

returns the fraction of (super)conductor in a coil technology

GAMBL_blanket(bm::IMAS.blanket__module)

Define layers for the dd.blanket.module for a GAMBL type blanket technology

tf_ripple(r, R_tf::Real, N_tf::Integer)

Evaluate fraction of toroidal magnetic field ripple at r [m] generated from N_tf toroidal field coils with outer leg at R_tf [m]

R_tf_ripple(r, ripple::Real, N_tf::Integer)

Evaluate location of toroidal field coils outer leg R_tf[m] at whichN_tftoroidal field coils generate a given fraction of toroidal magnetic field ripple atr` [m]

top_view_outline(tf::IMAS.build__tf, n::Int=1; cutouts::Bool=false)

returns x,y outline (top view) of the n'th TF coil

particle_heat_flux(
    SOL::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol,Vector{OpenFieldLine}},
    rmesh::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    zmesh::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    r::Vector{<:Real},
    q::Vector{<:Real})

Computes the heat flux on the wall due to the influx of charged particles using the Scrape Off-Layer, the mesh, and an hypothesis of the decay of the parallel heat flux at the OMP.

Assumption: Points at the extrema of OpenFieldLines in SOL are in the mesh (see mesherheatflux).

profile_from_z_transport(
    profile_old::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    transport_grid::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    z_transport_grid::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho_ped::Real=0.0)

Updates profileold with the scale lengths given by ztransport_grid

If rho_ped > transport_grid[end] then scale-length is linearly interpolated between transport_grid[end] and rho_ped

if rho_ped < transport_grid[end] then scale-length then boundary condition is at transport_grid[end]

profile_from_rotation_shear_transport(
    profile_old::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    transport_grid::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rotation_shear_transport_grid::AbstractVector{<:Real},
    rho_ped::Real=0.0)

Updates rotation profile using the rotation shear given by rotationsheartransport_grid

We integrate dω/dr to get ω(r).

If rho_ped > transport_grid[end] then rotation shear is linearly interpolated between transport_grid[end] and rho_ped

If rho_ped < transport_grid[end] then boundary condition is at transport_grid[end]

calculate_diffusivities(dd::IMAS.DD{T}; ne::Vector{T}=T[], Te::Vector{T}=T[], Ti::Vector{T}=T[], ω::Vector{T}=T[]) where {T<:Real}

Compute transport particle, heat, and rotation effective diffusivities (Dn, χe, χi, χφ) [m²/s] from desired profiles.

The coefficients are inverted from the flux-surface-averaged transport equation

S_inside(ρ) = -Y ⟨|∇ρ_tor|²⟩ (dV/dρ_tor) dX/dρ_tor

where S_inside is a volume-integrated source, X the driving profile and Y the diffusivity. Gradients are evaluated against rho_tor_norm and converted to real-space gradients with the effective radial length Leff = 1/⟨|∇ρ_tor_norm|⟩ = ρ_tor_boundary (dV/dρ_tor) / surface [m], which relies on ⟨|∇ρ|²⟩ ≈ ⟨|∇ρ|⟩².

χe and χi follow the conduction-only convention χ = -q_cond / (n dT/dr) used by edge codes: the convected 5/2 Γ T part of the power is subtracted from the numerator, and the denominator holds the temperature gradient rather than the pressure gradient.

pedestal_diffusivities(dd::IMAS.DD{T}; rho_ped::Float64=NaN, ne::Vector{T}=T[], Te::Vector{T}=T[], Ti::Vector{T}=T[]) where {T<:Real}

Cross-field transport coefficients [m²/s] averaged over the pedestal region [rho_ped, 1.0], for use as boundary/edge transport inputs (e.g. the D_perp/chi_perp of a SOL or edge-plasma code).

Returns (; D_perp, chi_e, chi_i, chi_perp, rho_ped).

chi_perp is a single heat diffusivity for both species, built to conserve the total conducted heat flux (chi_perp = (Qe_cond + Qi_cond) / (surface ⟨|∇ρ|⟩ e (ne dTe/dρ + ni dTi/dρ))) rather than by naively averaging chi_e and chi_i — this matches edge codes that run a common kye = kyi.

rho_ped defaults to dd.summary.local.pedestal.position.rho_tor_norm, falling back to a pedestal_finder fit of the electron density when the summary is not filled.

Any coefficient for which no finite, positive sample exists in the pedestal comes back as NaN.

total_fluxes(
    core_transport::IMAS.core_transport{T},
    cp1d::IMAS.core_profiles__profiles_1d,
    rho_total_fluxes::AbstractVector{<:Real};
    time0::Float64) where {T<:Real}

Sums up all the fluxes and returns it as a core_transport.model IDS

total_fluxes(dd::IMAS.DD, rho_total_fluxes::AbstractVector{<:Real}=dd.core_profiles.profiles_1d[].grid.rho_tor_norm; time0::Float64=dd.global_time)

fill!(ids_new::IDS{<:T1}, ids::IDS{<:T2}, field::Symbol) where {T1<:Measurement{<:Real},T2<:Real}

Function used to map fields in IDS{T} to IDS{Measurement{T}}

fill!(ids_new::IDS{<:T1}, ids::IDS{<:T2}, field::Symbol) where {T1<:Real,T2<:Measurement{<:Real}}

Function used to map fields in IDS{Measurement{T}} to IDS{T}

fill!(@nospecialize(ids_new::IDS{<:T1}), @nospecialize(ids::IDS{<:T2}), field::Symbol) where {T1<:Float64,T2<:ForwardDiff.Dual{Float64,Float64,0}}

Function used to map fields in IDS{Dual{T,T,0}} to IDS{T}

heaviside(t::Float64)

Heaviside step triggered at t=0

heaviside(t::Float64, t_start::Float64)

Heaviside step triggered at t=t_start

pulse(t::Float64)

Unitary pulse with width of 1, starting at t=0

pulse(t::Float64, t_start::Float64, Δt::Float64)

Unitary pulse with given width Δt, starting at t=t_start

ramp(t::Float64)

Unitary ramp from t=0 to t=1

ramp(t::Float64, ramp_fraction::Float64)

Unitary ramp

The ramp_fraction defines the fraction of ramp with respect to 1.0 and must be between [0.0,1.0]

NOTE: This function is designed as is to be able to switch between ramp(t, ramp_fraction) and trap(t, ramp_fraction).

ramp(t::Float64, t_start::Float64, Δt::Float64)

Unitary ramp of duration Δt, starting at t=t_start

trap(t::Float64, ramp_fraction::Float64)

Unitary trapezoid

The ramp_fraction defines the fraction of ramp with respect to flattop and must be between [0.0,0.5]

trap(t::Float64, t_start::Float64, Δt::Float64, ramp_fraction::Float64)

Unitary trapezoid of duration Δt, starting at t=t_start

The ramp_fraction defines the fraction of ramp with respect to flattop and must be between [0.0,0.5]

gaus(t::Float64, order::Float64=1.0)

Unitary gaussian

gaus(t::Float64, t_start::Float64, Δt::Float64, order::Float64=1.0)

Unitary gaussian centered at t_start and with standard deviation Δt

beta(t::Float64, mode::Float64)

Unitary beta distribution

The mode [-1.0, 1.0] defines how skewed the distribution is

beta(t::Float64, t_start::Float64, Δt::Float64, mode::Float64)

Unitary beta distribution of duration Δt, starting at t=t_start

The mode [-1.0, 1.0] defines how skewed the distribution is

sequence(t::Float64, t_y_sequence::Vector{Tuple{Float64,Float64}}; scheme::Symbol=:linear)

returns interpolated data given a sequence (tuple) of time/value points

moving_average(data::Vector{<:Real}, window_size::Int)

Calculate the moving average of a data vector using a specified window size. The window size is always rounded up to the closest odd number to maintain symmetry around each data point.

highpassfilter(signals, fs, cutoff, order=4)

Apply butterworth high pass filter of given order to signals sampled with frequency fs

lowpassfilter(signals, fs, cutoff, order=4)

Apply butterworth low pass filter of given order to signals sampled with frequency fs

get_from(dd::IMAS.DD, what::Symbol, from_where::Symbol; time0::Float64=dd.global_time)

IMAS stores the same physical quantities in different IDSs, and get_from() abstracts away the details of which IDS to access, depending on the requested quantity (what) and the specified source (from_where). This is generally useful when coupling different codes/modules/actors.

Supported quantities for what:

• :ip - Plasma current [A]
  • Possible sources (from_where): :equilibrium, :core_profiles, :pulse_schedule
• :vacuum_r0_b0- Vacuum magnetic field parameters (major radius r0 [m], toroidal field b0 [T])
  • Possible sources (from_where): :equilibrium, :pulse_schedule
• :vloop - Loop voltage [V]
  • Possible sources (from_where): :equilibrium, :core_profiles, :pulse_schedule, :controllers__ip
• :βn - Normalized beta [-]
  • Possible sources (from_where): :equilibrium, :core_profiles
• :ne_ped - Electron density at the pedestal [m^-3]
  • Possible sources (from_where): :core_profiles, :summary, :pulse_schedule
• :zeff_ped - Effective charge at the pedestal [-]
  • Possible sources (from_where): :core_profiles, :summary, :pulse_schedule

time0 defines the time point at which to retrieve the value, default is dd.global_time.

Returns the requested physical quantity from the specified location in the IMAS data structure.